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Topic 3 Genetics

  1. Define: Gene
    A heritable factor that consists of a length of DNA and controls or influences a specific characteristic.

  2. Define: Allele
    - Differ how?
    - Formed by?
    - Types?
    • An allele is an alternative form of a gene, located on a specific position on a specific chromosome.
    • Variation in bases.
    • Formed by mutation.
    • 2 types - dominant and recessive.

  3. Define: Dominant Allele
    An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different.

  4. Define: Recessive Allele
    An allele that produces the same phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.

  5. Define: The Human Genome Project (HGP)
    - start + finish
    An international effort to:

    • 1. discover the complete set of human genes
    • 2. make them accessible for further biological study
    • 3. determine the complete sequence of DNA bases in the human genome

    > 1990 - 2003
  6. List: Pros of HGP
    Pros:

    • Creation of effective drugs
    • Research towards medical treatement
    • Commercial success
    • Understanding of evolution and DNA
  7. List: Cons of HGP
    Cons:

    • Ethical issues e.g. genetic modification
    • Suspect real world application
    • Privacy issues --> gene info shared with gov. agencies + orgs = determiners for treatment e.g. insurance
    • Commercialisation of vaccines
  8. Define: Gene locus (p. loci)
    A gene locus is the specific position of a gene on a chromosome.

  9. Define: A gene mutation
    A gene mutation is a change in the base sequence of a gene.
Author
IBallen2016
ID
317931
Card Set
Topic 3 Genetics
Description
Vocabulary for Topic 3.1 (Genes).
Updated

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