abs/posterior leg

O -Pubic crest, pubic tubercle & pubic symphysis

I -Costal cartilages of ribs V to VII; xiphoid process

In -Anterior rami of lower thoracic spinal nerves [T7-T12]

F -Compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column; tense abdominal wall

O -Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs (ribs V to XII)

I -Lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in midline raphae (linea alba)

In -Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves [T7-T12]

F -Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

O -Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between origins of external & transversus; lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament

I -Inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest & pectineal line

In -Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves [T7-T12] and L1

F -Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk & turns anterior part of abdomen to same side

O -Thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral one-third of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower six ribs (ribs VII to XII)

I -Aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest & pectineal line

In -Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves [T7-T12] and L1

F -Compress abdominal contents

O -Transverse process of LV vertebra, iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest

I -Transverse processes of LI to LIV vertebrae & inferior border of rib XII

In -Anterior rami of T12 and L1-L4

F -Depress & stabilize rib XII & some lateral bending of trunk

O -Front of pubis & pubic symphysis

I -Into linea alba

In -Anterior ramus of T12

F -Tenses the linea alba

O -Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

I -Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur

In -Branches of L5,S1,S2

F -Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

O -External surface of ischial spine

I -Along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon & into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon

In -Nerve to Obturator Internus [L5,S1]

F -Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

O -Anterolateral wall of pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane & surrounding bone

I -Medial side of greater trochanter of femur

In -Nerve to Obturator Internus [L5,S1]

F -Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

O -Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity

I -Along length of inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon & into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon

In -Nerve to Quadratus Femoris [L5,S1]

F -Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

O -Lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity

I -Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur

In -Nerve to Quadratus Femoris [L5,S1]

F -Laterally rotates femur at hip joint

O -Lateral aspect of crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine & tubercle of the crest

I -Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

In -Superior gluteal n. [L4,L5,S1]

F -Stabilizes the knee in extension

O -External surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines

I - Elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

In -Superior gluteal n. [L4,L5,S1]

F -Abducts femur at hip joint; hold pelvis secure over stance leg & prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh

O -External surface of ilium between inferior & anterior gluteal lines

I -Linear facet on anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter

In -Superior gluteal nerve [L4,L5,S1]

F -Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg & prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; meidally rotates thigh

O -Fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament

I -Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata & gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur

In -Inferior gluteal nerve [L5,S1,S2]

F -Powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint & knee joint; laterally rotates & abducts thigh

O -Long head-inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity; short head-lateral lip of linea aspera

I -Head of fibula

In -Long head-tibial division of Sciatic n.; short head-common fibular division of Sciatic n. [L5,S1,S2]

F -Flexes leg at knee joint; extends & laterally rotates thigh at hip joint & laterally rotates leg at knee joint

O -Inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity

I -Medial surface of proximal tibia

In -Tibial division of Sciatic n. [L5,S1,S2]

F -Flexes leg at knee joint & extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint & leg at knee joint

O -Superolateral impression on ischial tuberosity

I -Groove & adjacent bone on medial & posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

In -Tibial division of Sciatic n. [L5,S1,S2]

F -Flexes leg at knee joint & extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint & leg at knee joint