motivation

psychological process that directs and maintains behavior towards a goal

energize your bhavior

• come first/ needed for survival
• hunger,thirst, sex, pain reduction, arousal

achievement, affiliation

learned from society or culture

biological, emotional, cognitive, and social factors

• motive
• love,hate,fear,jelousy

• affect behavios you choose
• you may behave according to what is possible or how others will repsond

felt many behaviors were also characteristics that could be passed on

• functionalism
• motivation by instincts importantg for human behavior

all thoughts and actions resulted from instincts

• inherited behavior
• must be stereotypical and performed automatically in the same way by every member of the species
• not learned

• imprinting
• (attachment)

• clark hull
• behavior motivated by need to reduce hunger,thirst,sex
• greater need = stronger drive

• body maintain internal steady state of metabolism
• drive reduction theory

sum total of all chemical processes that occur to keep us alive

hypothalmus

• primary motives push us to satisfy biological needs
• pulled by environmental factors
• incentive= positive or negative environmental stimulus

• explains peoples needs to climb mountains
• arousal= level of alertness

• law of arousal
• states we usually perform most activities best at moderate arousal
• perform difficult tasks at low arousal
• easy tasks at high levels

• arranged needs in order
• biological needs
• safety needs
• love needs
• esteem needs
• cognitive needs
• aesthetic needs
• self actualization

• highes level of self actualization
• spiritual fulfillment

no because you absorb nutrients in the small and large intestines, not in your stomach

small intestines secrete cholecystokinin which stimulates hypothalamus and decrease hunger

small intestines release glucose into the blood, blood sugar rises

insulin is released from pancreas

hunger

blood glucose levels

insulin production stops

pancreas secretes glucagon

increase blood glucose

they work against eachother to maintain homeostasis

• on button for hunger
• when stimulated we get hungry
• if removed we wouldn't eat

• off button for hunger
• turns off hunger
• if removed we would eat excessively

• regulates eating behavior
• stimulates or inhibits eating by  releasing neurotransmitter to increase desire for carbohydrates

serotonin

leptin

• environmental factors
• biological factors

normal weight people are concerned about long term body issues while obese people care about external cues

there is a preset natural body weight determined by number of fat cells

dryness of mouth, fluid content of cells. and volume of blood decreases

• contribute to fluid balance
• when they shrink you get thirsty

• blood pressure decrease
• kidney releases enzyme

• seeing others drink
• weather
• customs

pain promotes avoidance/ escape behavior

regulated by hypothalamus and not necessary for individual survival

secretion of horomones by the hypothalamus stimulate this and then stimulates gonads

• describes sexual response cycle
• excitement
• increased breathing rate
• orgasm
• resolution ( blood leave genitals)

• motivation dominated by
• achievement
• affiliation
• power

nurture

measures achievement and motivation

• moderately challenging
• and avoid easy and impossible goals

easy or impossible goals so they don't have to take responsibility for failure

need for friendly relationships and human interaction

need to lead and make an impact

do something because you enjoy it

• do something to get reward
• money

can only choose one of two positive options

must choose one of two negative options

situations where you have to choose whether or not to choose an option that has both a positive and negative consequence

several choices that have both positive and negative aspects