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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O -Humeral head-common flexor tendon off the medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head-olecranon & posterior border of ulna
I -Pisoform bone, and then via pisohamate & pisometacarpal ligaments onto the hamate & base of metacarpal V
In -Median n. [C7-T1]
F -Flexes & adducts the wrist
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Pronator Teres
O -Humeral head-common flexor tendon off the medial epicondyle of humerus & adjacent supraepicondylar ridge; ulnar head-medial side of coronoid process
I -Roughening on lateral surface, midshaft of radius
In -Median n. [C6-C7]
F -Pronation
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
O -Common flexor tendon off the medial epicondyle of humerus
I -Base of metacarpals II and III
In -Median n. [C6,C7]
F -Flexes & abducts the wrist
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Palmaris Longus
O -Common flexor tendon off the medial epicondyle of humerus
I -Palmar aponeurosis of the hand
In -Median n. [C7,C8]
F -Flexes wrist joint; b/c the palmar aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand, contraction of the muscle resists shear forces when gripping
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Pronator Quadratus
O -Linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
I -Distal anterior surface of radius
In -Median n. (anterior interosseus n.) [C7,C8]
F -Pronation
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Flexor Pollicis Longus
O -Anterior surface of radius & radial half of interosseous membrane
I -Palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
In -Median n. (anterior interosseous n.) [C7,C8]
F -Flexes interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O -Anterior & medial surface of ulna & anterior medial half of interosseous membrane
I -Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the distal phalanges of the index, middle, ring & little fingers
In -Lateral half by Median n. (anterior interosseous n.); medial half by Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring & little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O -Humero-ulnar head-common flexor tendon off the medial epicondyle of humerus & adjacent margin of coronoid process; radial head-oblique line of radius
I -Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the middle phalanges of the index, middle, ring & little fingers
In -Median n. [C8,T1]
F -Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring & little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers & the wrist joint
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Palmar Interossei
O -Side of metacarpals
I -Extensor hoods of thumb, index, ring & little fingers and the proximal phalanx of the thumb
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Adduction of thumb, index, ring & little fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
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Dorsal Interossei
O -Adjacent sides of metacarpals
I -Extensor hoods and base of proximal phalanges of index, middle & ring fingers
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Abduction of index, middle & ring fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
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Adductor Pollicis
O -Transverse head-metacarpal III; oblique head-capitate & bases of metacarpals II & III
I -Base of proximal phalanx & extensor hood of thumb
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Adducts thumb
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Abductor Digiti Minimi
O -Pisiform, the pisohamate ligament & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I -Proximal phalanx of little finger
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
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Opponens Digiti Minimi
O -Hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I -Medial aspect of metacarpal
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Laterally rotates metacarpal V
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O -Hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I -Proximal phalanx of little finger
In -Deep branch of Ulnar n. [C8,T1]
F -Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
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Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O -Tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium & adjacent flexor retinaculum
I -Proximal phalanx & extensor hood of thumb
In -Recurrent branch of Median n. [C8,T1]
F -Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
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Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O -Tubercle of trapezium & flexor retinaculum
I -Proximal phalanx of thumb
In -Recurrent branch of Median n. [C8,T1]
F -Flexes thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
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Opponens Pollicis
O -Tubercle of trapezium & flexor retinaculum
I -Lateral margin & adjacent palmar surface of metacarpal I
In -Recurrent branch of Median n. [C8,T1]
F -Medially rotates thumb
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Lumbricals (4 muscles)
O -Tendons of flelxor digitorum profundus
I -Extensor hoods of index, middle, ring & little fingers
- In -Medial two by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve; lateral two by digital
- branches of the median nerve
F -Flex metacarpophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints
- 1st & 2nd (medial)
- O -One flexor tendon and are unipennate
- 3rd & 4th (lateral)
- O -Two flexor tendons and are bipennate
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