diagnostic

• two simultaneous thoughts causing discomfort which individual seeks to minimize by changing or minimizing one of the opinions (alleviate intense tension after purchase by rationalizing their decision)
• I was worried when I made the decision

important, voluntary, and irrevocable decisions (outcome and expectations do not align, person regrets, he made the decision)

individuals in a group come to a more extreme decision than individuals would on their own

• human beings actively contribute to their perception of their surroundings 
• doesn't place emphasis on past over present
• reality is defined in social context, objects imbued with meaning by their roles in social interaction

• perception of human is affected by social experiences 
• gender roles are social constructs

• institutions work together within a society to achieve dynamic equilibrium
• society is most efficient when left alone

• capitalism and tension between the "haves" and "have nots" will lead to downfall of society. 
• society left alone will effectively function for the rich

direction of sound travel

just noticeable difference for a stimulus is proportional to size of stimulus (jnd increase when frequency of sound increase)

takes data already collected, reanalyze, and come to conclusion

data at one point in time

comparing patients with disease/condition with those who do not have condition (work back to see how risk factor affects outcome)

follow groups with similar individuals who differ with respect to certain factors under study and assess how factors affects outcome

regards decision making that affects potential outcome of multiple parties or behaviors regarding consumption of limited resources

emotion, judgment, and decision making

mix up letters in words (language is controlled by parietal lobe)

impaired speech, comprehension, reading or writing

• in frontal lobe
• ability to process language and to speak

parietal lobe (comprehension and understanding of written and spoken language)

are the adults stable or not stable in children's lines?

when one exerts too much power over others (feel guilt later)

est. sense of self (congruous self image?)

• can child handle new social and academic demands? 
• ability to handle stress

• parietal lobe (primary somatosensory cortex: sense of touch)
• there is a map of sensory space called sensory homunculus in this area

• divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe,
• divides the primary motor cortex (front), with the primary somatosensory cortex (back)

humans are biologically predisposed to acquire and understand language

• role of environment (classical, operant conditioning, and imitation)
• classical: association of dog with image; reflexive responses are brought under control by events that precede response
• operant conditioning: parents reinforce language learning like grammar. Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences

• language from interaction of biological, cognitive, and environmental influences
• based on social interaction between developing child and more linguistically knowledgeable adult

tendency to place undue emphasis on internal characteristics (personality) rather than external factors

belief in superiority of one's ethnic group

• person persuaded by content of message 
• receiver has motivation and ability to think about topic (motivation means it needs to be relevant, receiver cannot be distracted or not understand it)

use other signs to be persuaded like when a celebrity is speaking, etc

other people insert thoughts into his head against his will

• mental health 
• not objective
• ambiguous

spoken or written has linguistic conventions

intonation, tone, rate of speech

HCO3-

CO3 ^-2

sp3 with one lone pair

all electrons are spin paired

• accepts electron pair
• greater charge/radius ratio, means more positive charge, which means better electron acceptor

recrystallization

centrifugation

use one enantiomer of another compound, react with mixture to form diastereomers, which can be differentiated with HPLC

• longitudinal
• cannot travel in vaccum

composed of sphingosine backbone, found in brain tissues in cell membranes

means that the trans and cis form of molecule will react differently with incoming molecule

RCONR2

H2NR

NH4

NH3

distance from source and amplitude of wave

when there is a voltage difference between interior and exterior of cell

P=F/A

positron (0 weight, 1 charge)

• o weight
• add one e

5' of a new nucleotide attaches to the 3' OH of elongating DNA

3-5 C

lasting for a short time

type of speech or writing that uses earnest, direct approach to attack someone or something

permits the flow of small molecules and ions from cell to cell (esp. in heart)

cell to cell adhesion

prevent ions and molecules form passing between epithelial cells

• absolute is when one action potential has fired and another action potential cannot fire (depolarization), b/c all the Na channels are closed. Na must open for AP to fire
• relative is after absolute refractory when another AP can be fired if it has a larger than threshold stimulus (AP cannot be caused by normal stimulus b/c not enough voltage gated sodium channels have recovered

• -70 mV is resting potential 
• -55 mV is threshold
• after threshold reached, more Na channels open (30mV)
• -90 hyper polarization prevents neurons from receiving another stimulus that goes in opposite direction
• after hyper polarization, Na+/K+ pump brings membrane back to its resting state

citrate

morula, blastula, gastrula

highly exothermic, large neg value 40kJ/mol

• glycogen synthesis and storage
• gluconeogenesis (generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates)
• heme breakdown forms bilirubin (jaundice if not rid of)
• cholesterole regulation and synthesis
• production of bile (break down fat, help digest) to be stored and concentrated by gall bladder

• kidney 
• means of eliminating waste (mesoderm)

increase reabsorption of water, decrease urine

• cocci: circular shaped
• bacilli: rod shaped
• spirilli: spiral

• motivation: human inherent tendency to be healthy
• maybe the activity builds competence, relatedness or autonomy

tendency for people to perform differently in the presence of others

• getting a person to agree to a large request by first getting them to agree to a modest request
• change in behavior causing a change in attitude

• situational: analyze a person's actions based on the situation that they are in (he is stealing candy b/c his family is poor)
• dispositional: his behavior reflects his internal dispositions, he is an asshole that's why he cuts me off

people put in less effort when they are part of a group

• people avoids leaving candy unattended after study
• act that takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals