Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2

the simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms

have a single positive charge

have no charge

tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass

differ from one another only in number of neutrons and atomic mass

accounts for the fact that an element is a mixture of isotopes

many of them are unstable and decay to more stable isotopes by giving off radiation

the process of decay

charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons

the particle that gains electrons acquires a negative charge

the particle that loses electrons acquires a positive charge

chemical particles that are composed of two of more atoms united by a chemical bond

molecules composed of two or more different elements

a molecule is held together, and molecules are attracted to one another

the attraction of a cation to an anion

sharing of electrons

weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly positive negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined

the ability to dissolve other chemicals

substances that dissolve in water

substances that do not dissolve in water

consists of particles of matter called the solute

mixtures of protien and water

a suspension of one liquid in another

any proton donor, a molecule that releases a proton in water

a proton acceptor

the measure of acidity

capacity to do work

to move something

energy contained in an object because of its position or internal state but that is not doing work at the time

energy of motion, energy that is doing work

potential energy stored in the bonds of molecules

kinetic energy of molecular motion

the kinetic energy of moving "packets" of radiation called photons

has both potential and kinetic energy when charged particles have accumulated at a point or on one side of a cell membrane

a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken

reactants on the left and products on the right