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Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2
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element
the simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
minerals
inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms
protons
have a single positive charge
neutrons
have no charge
electrons
tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass
isotopes
differ from one another only in number of neutrons and atomic mass
atomic weight
accounts for the fact that an element is a mixture of isotopes
radioisotopes
many of them are unstable and decay to more stable isotopes by giving off radiation
radioactivity
the process of decay
ions
charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons
anion
the particle that gains electrons acquires a negative charge
cation
the particle that loses electrons acquires a positive charge
molecules
chemical particles that are composed of two of more atoms united by a chemical bond
compounds
molecules composed of two or more different elements
chemical bond
a molecule is held together, and molecules are attracted to one another
ionic bond
the attraction of a cation to an anion
covalent bond
sharing of electrons
hydrogen bond
weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly positive negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another
mixture
consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined
solvency
the ability to dissolve other chemicals
hydrophilic
substances that dissolve in water
hydrophobic
substances that do not dissolve in water
solution
consists of particles of matter called the solute
colloid
mixtures of protien and water
emulsion
a suspension of one liquid in another
acid
any proton donor, a molecule that releases a proton in water
base
a proton acceptor
pH
the measure of acidity
energy
capacity to do work
work
to move something
potential energy
energy contained in an object because of its position or internal state but that is not doing work at the time
kinetic energy
energy of motion, energy that is doing work
chemical energy
potential energy stored in the bonds of molecules
heat
kinetic energy of molecular motion
electromagnetic energy
the kinetic energy of moving "packets" of radiation called photons
electrical energy
has both potential and kinetic energy when charged particles have accumulated at a point or on one side of a cell membrane
chemical reaction
a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken
chemical equations
reactants on the left and products on the right
Author
nettepooh20
ID
31752
Card Set
Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2
Description
Chapter 2 Anatomy & Physiology
Updated
2010-10-02T23:06:29Z
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