-
Agenesis of Kidney / Renal Agenesis
Absence of a kidney, kidney fails to develop
-
-
Horshoe Kidney
Two kidneys are joined at lower poles across midline of body.
-
Polycystic Kidney
Multiple, large cysts in the kidneys
-
Double Kidney
- Double renal pelvis, double ureter.
- Superior major calyces may have separate pelvis and partial or completely separate ureter.
- Most common congenital anomaly of urinary system.
-
Ectopic Kidney
Kidney is out of place, usually in the pelvis.
-
Exstrophy
Bladder may lie outside of the abdomen, with absence of anterior wall.
-
Hypospadias
Urethra opens on inferior surface of penis.
-
Epispadias
Urethra opens upon upper surface of penis.
-
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / BPH
Enlarged prostate
- Benign
- Affects males over 50
- Can cause urethral compression and obstruction
- Can cause painful, frequent urination
Floor of bladder may appear elevated or indented on IVU.
-
Duplication of ureter and renal pelvis
- Congenital anomaly
- Two ureters and / or two renal pelvi originating from a single kidney.
- Most common congenital anomaly of urinary system
- Normally does not cause a health concern for patient
-
Ectopic Kidney
- Congenital Anomaly
- Normal kidney which fails to ascend into the abdomen and remains in the pelvis.
- Shorter than normal ureter
- Not normally a health concern, but may cause difficulties with pregnancy in women
-
Horseshoe Kidney
- Congenital anomaly
- Fusion of the kidneys during fetal development
- Normally involves fusion of lower poles
- Kidneys do not ascend to abdomen
- Usually does not affect function of kidneys
-
Malrotation of Kidneys
- Congenital anomaly
- Abnormal rotation of the kidney
- Renal pelvis is turned anteriorly or posteriorly rather than medially
- Normally not a health problem for the patient
-
Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Cysts scattered throughout one or both kidneys.
- Most common cause of enlarged kidneys.
- Can be genetic or congenital.
- Infantile, childhood, or adult type < adult type is hereditary - disease is present at birth but symptoms not seen until adulthood >
-
Renal Hypertension
- Increased blood pressure to the kidney through renal artery due to atherosclerosis.
- Caused by excess renin in blood which causes excessive vasoconstriction.
-
Severe Renal Hypertension
Can result in localized necrosis of renal parenchyma.
-
Vesicorectal ( vesicocolonic ) Fistula
Fistula between urinary bladder and rectum or aspects of colon.
|
|
