theater history test 2 terms and plays

• harsh realism vs escapist themes of previous generation of theater
• openly discussing social/political motifs about social cast systems of period

• developed by Meyerhold after studying the Winslow-Taylor efficiency method
• focused on stability and limiting extraneous movement
• 1st fully implemented physical acting method

theorists who return to Aristotelian form where theater comes from ritualistic performance intended to have a direct effect

• 4 directors/colleagues/competitors
• (Jouvet, Bullin, Bath and Pitoeff)
• director takes the reigns and focuses on a particular theme or style
• becomes the impetus for big picture directors

• art movement of the European Avant Garde
• begun by Tristan Tzara early 20th century
• informal international movement
• protest against bourgeoisie nationalist and colonialist interests

• contemporary existence
• documentary effects, audience interaction
• reaction to realism 
• "the alienation effect"

• developed mostly in 20th century Europe
• Sophie Treadwell

• argues that energy and assertiveness are the ultimate expression of war
• overtly masculine 
• present-tense oriented

• WW1 era, est. by Ben Greet
• started matinees and children's plays
• 1st modern company to do all Shakespeare's plays

• encouraged by the Theater Guild
• Robert Edmund Jones
• Lee Simonson
• moved away from realism and toward suggestion and mood

glorified communistic values

• "extra realism"
• focuses on subconscious mind

• named by critic Martin Esslin
• man's reaction to a world seemingly without meaning
• man controlled by outside forces
• Samuel Becket, Eugene Ionesco, Harold Pinter, Edward Albee, etc

• Rodgers and Hammerstein
• wildly successful
• won a Pulitzer in 1944

• absurdist
• Samuel Beckett
• 2 people waiting endless for someone named Godot who never shows up
• "the play where nothing happens twice"