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How should politically controversial issues be introduced?
The teacher must make these decisions deliberately on the basis of feedback from his or her students while keeping sight of her objectives.
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What approach to instruction is mainly used in LA and teaches the child to look for meaning instead of getting hung up on the individual components of language?
Whole language
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In this approach to language, children learn about language by using it. The are encouraged to take risks, make mistakes, and learn from their mistakes, such as in spelling and writing.
Whole language
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For young children, this approach to teaching helps support their concept and vocabulary development through shared reading and writing experiences.
Language experience approach
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In classrooms using this approach to teaching, the students are involved enplaning and experiencing learning as well as responding to and reflecting on the experience. They are immersed in books and writing, and through the reflections they can see where they did well and where they need to work harder.
Language experience approach
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What is a way teachers can increase the aesthetic experiences in the classroom?
Through art
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How may comprehension be checked?
Verbally or through the administration of a formalized quiz or other written assessment.
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These type of thinking skills require that children fit what they are hearing and reading into their own mental framework, perhaps relaying upon already-acquired knowledge.
Interpretive thinking skills
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How are interpretive thinking skills developed?
Through maturity and having having other experiences and thoughts to compare to.
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How can teachers promote the development of interpretive thinking skills?
Modeling
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What are the six levels of Bloom's taxonomy?
- Knowledge
- Understanding/ comprehension
- Application
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Evaluation
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When listening to an oral speech, why is it helpful to keep track of the speakers message by taking notes and outlining points?
Because oral speech can be more circular ( as opposed to linear) than written text
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How can teachers help students learn good listening skills?
Have students practice following complex directions and have students orally retell oral presentations of stories or other materials.
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Relating to students the specific purpose of their reading assignment will help them to:
- Associate
- Visualize
- Concentrate
- Repeat
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Reasoning skills are higher order skills, which involve what?
- Recalling information
- Foramina basic concepts and creative ideas
- Critical thinking
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How is motor development defined?
How spontaneous actions within the structured central nervous system, environmental, and social fields assemble temporary linkings of muscle groups to do different and sequential kinds of work.
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After age six, what changes are usually found in motor skills development?
More subtle changes to fine motor skills only.
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What is a way to enhance the learning of motor movements?
By visualizing and breaking down the skill mentally.
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What actions can be found in stage 1 of motor learning?
Children progress from simple reflexes to basic movement such as sitting, crawling, creeping, standing, and walking.
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What actions can be found in stage 2 of motor learning?
Children learn more complex motor patterns including running, climbing, jumping, balancing, catching, and throwing.
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What actions can be found in stage 3 of motor learning?
During late childhood, children learn more specific movement skills. In addition, the basic motor patterns learning in stage 2 become more fluid and automatic.
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What actions can be found in stage 4 of motor learning?
During adolescence, children continue to develop general and specific motor skills and master specialized movements. At this point, factors including practice, motivation, and talent begin to affect the level of further development.
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These motor skills move an individual from one point to another.
Locomotor skills
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What are some examples of locomotor skills?
walking, running, jumping, vaulting, leaping, hopping, galloping, sliding, body rolling, climbing
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What motor skills are stability skills in which the movement requires little or no movement of one's base of support and does not result in change of position?
Nonlocomotor skills
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What are some examples of nonlocomotor skills?
Bending, dodging, stretching, twisting, turning, swinging, swaying, pushing, pulling
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What motor skills use the body parts to propel or receive an object, controlling primarily with the hands and feet.
Manipulative skills
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What are the two types of manipulative skills?
- Receptive (catch + trap)
- Propulsive (throw, strike, kick)
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What are some examples of manipulative skills?
bouncing/ dribbling, catching, kicking, rolling, striking, throwing, trapping
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In this style of teaching the teacher makes all decisions and controls all activities.
Command style
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Because command style of teaching allows very little student-teacher and student-student interaction, instructors should limit its use to what?
Initial demonstrations and explanations
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This style of teaching allows students to make decisions and move according to their own skill level during the implementation phase of skill development.
Practice style
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Why is the practice style of teaching particularly useful when students have achieved basic skill competency?
because it allows self-paced practice and individualized feedback.
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This style of teaching involves the interaction of pairs of students providing needed social interaction and allows students to learn from each other through observation.
Reciprocal style
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This style of teaching gives all students the chance to participate in the same task regardless of skill level. Students make decisions on how best to go about practicing and developing their skill by learning their strengths and weaknesses through trial and error.
Inclusion style
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What are the three basic types of communication delivery systems that are relevant to physical education?
Written, verbal, and visual
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This theory describes how people make casual explanations and how they answer questions beginning with "Why?" It describes the processes of explaining events and the behavioral and emotional consequences of those explanations.
Attribution theory
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This theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It emphasizes that people learn from one another and includes such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling.
Social learning theory
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Learned helplessness often occurs in what environments?
Ones in which people experience events in which they have, or feel as though they have, no control over what happens to them.
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This describes a persons belief about his or capability to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect his or her life.
Self-efficacy
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How can a teacher build efficacy?
By not only raising the student's belief in his or capabilities but also structuring situations that breed success and limit repeated failure.
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What organization provides information on physical fitness and health?
NASPE
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Colors can be introduced in more depth when discussing
Intensity (the strength of the colors) and value (the lightness or darkness of colors)
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What is a valuable tool for teaching about color? And how can it be used?
The color wheel, by allowing students to experiment with the mixing of colors to create their own art experience.
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In theatre, what should children use to observe their environment and recreate experiences through drama?
Their 5 senses
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Using role-play and prior knowledge and experiences, students should develop the ability to react to a feeling or situation, which...
expands their ability to develop character.
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What is the basis of dance?
Rhythm
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Because younger children are usually unsteady, the initial emphasis is not on gracefulness but rather on developing what?
Body awareness
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What does a student incorporate to develop a sense of tempo?
Listening skills
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This type of dance is most natural for young children and depicts feelings through movement. It is the initial reaction to sounds and movement.
Creative dance
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This type of dance refers to a concept of dance in which the expressions of opposites are developed, such as fast-slow and contract-release, varying height and level to fall and recover. It is based on the 4 principles: substance, dynamism, meatiness, and form.
Modern dance
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Students should be able to judge the effectiveness of a dance composition based on what?
The intent, structure, meaning, and purpose
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What does participation in dance help students develop?
Self-confidence, body awareness, communication skills and provides experiences in area otherwise left undiscovered.
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When teachers allow students to engage in activities and search for answers to problems, they not only hep them achieve the outcomes in science but also teach them what?
Problem-solving techniques to use in the real world.
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What do the skills of inquiry include?
Asking questions, proposing ideas, observing, experimenting, and interrupting the results.
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What are some of the methods used to analyze social phenomena?
Interviews, statistical evaluation, observation, and experimentation.
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