Exam 2 Flashcards - Set 14

Archaea resemble eukaryotes in all of the following EXCEPT:
A) nuclear membrane
B) RNA polymerase
C) introns
D) DNA polymerase
E) ribosomal proteins

The primer in DNA replication is _____ starter sequence with a free _____ group.
A) an RNA; 3' OH
B) an RNA; 5' OH
C) a DNA; 3' OH
D) a DNA; 5' OH

If the sequence of one strand of DNA is 5' TCGATC 3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
A) 5' AGCTAG 3'
B) 5' GCTAGC 3'
C) 5' GATCGA 3'
D) 5' CTAGCT 3'

____ _____ is a complex enzyme that carries out transcription by making RNA copies (called ____) of a DNA template strand.

In bacteria, the RNA pol holoenzyme if composed of:
- Core polymerase: α₂, β, β' which are required for the _____ phase
- ____ factor: σ, which is required for the ____ phase

The sigma factor helps the core enzyme detect the ____, which signals the beginning of the gene

During the initiation of transcription, the first ribonucleoside triphosphate (rNTP) of the new RNA chain is usually a _____.

Transcription initiation: _______ binds to the promoter. This is followed by melting of the helix and synthesis of the first nucleotide of the RNA

RNA polymerase synehtesizes RNA at ~ ____ bases/second.

Name the bacterial gene transcription termination signal:
- relies on a protein called ___ and a strong pause site at the 3' end of the gene

Name the bacterial gene transcription termination signal:
- Requires a GC-rich region of RNA, as well as 4-8 consecutive U residues

Name the bacterial gene transcription termination signal:

Name the bacterial gene transcription termination signal:

Name the RNA class:
- encodes proteins

Name the RNA class:
- forms ribosomes

Name the RNA class:
- shuttles amino acids

Name the RNA class:
- regulates transcription or translation

Name the RNA class:
- frees ribosomes stuck on damaged mRNA

Name the RNA class:
- carries out enzymatic reactions

The average half-life for mRNA is ____ minutes.

Genes that are _____ likely evolved from a common ancestral gene.

______ genes are duplicated via appearance of a new species and have identical function in different organisms.

_____ genes are duplicated within a species and have slightly different tasks in a cell.