Exam 2 Flashcards - Set 13

Replication of cellular DNA in most cases is _____, meaning that each daughter cell receives one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

- Replication in bacteria begins at a single origin called _____.
- Replication forks move in opposite directions around the chromosome.
- Replication ends at a defined termination (___) sites located opposite to the origin

True/false: A partially replicated chromosome cannot start new rounds of replication at the two daughter origins before the first round is complete.
True False

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- initiator protein
- starts when the ratio of DNA is high to ori sites

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- helicase
- takes DNA apart

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- synthesis of RNA primer
- provides 3' hydrolyl group

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- major replication enzyme
- needs primer

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- replaces RNA primer with DNA

Name the major protein involved in DNA replication:
- relieves DNA supercoiling

A ____ ____ protein (the beta subunit) tethers DNA polymerase to the DNA.
- without it, DNA pol would frequently "fall off" the DNA molecule

The cell coordinates the activity of two DNA Pol III enzymes in one complex. These two enzymes, together with the DNA primase and helicase, form the ______.

- To remove RNA primers, cells use _____.
- ______ enzyme then synthesizes a DNA patch using the 3' OH end of the preexisting DNA fragment as a priming site
- Finally, _____ repairs the phosphodiester nick using energy from NAD (in bacteria) or ATP (in eukaryotes)

A protein called Tus (____ ___ ____) binds to the terminotor sequences (ter) and acts as a counter helicase

Ringed _____ formed at the completion of replication are separated by topoisomerase IV and the proteins XerC and XerD.

______ _____ cleave DNA at specific recognition sites, which are usually 4 to 6 bp and _______.
- May generate blunt of staggered ends

_____ ____ ______ can be used to analyze the DNA fragments obtained by treatment with restriction enzymes.

The _____ _____ ____ (____) can produce over a million-fold amplification of target DNA within a few hours.

______ ______ containing all the genes in an organism are routinely made today.

____ ____ allows the study of eukarytoic proteins in prokaryotic cells.

DNA replication is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation: occurs at the origin (_____)
2. Elongation: occurs at the ______ _____
3. Termination: occurs at the terminus (___)