(T/F) Slow growing lesions, such as cysts, will usually move teeth.
True
Fractures of the mandible that are not overlapped will:
D. appear as radiolucent lines
The best projection to visualize a sialolith of the submandibular duct is a:
C. right-angle mandibular occlusal projection
A malignant tumor of bone will appear (RL/RO) on radiographs.
Radiopaque
Implants will appear (RL/RO) on radiographs.
Radiopaque
Complete displacement of a tooth from alveolar bone.
Avulsion
Abnormal displacement of teeth.
Luxation
An injury produced by external force.
Trauma
Abnormal displacement of teeth into bone.
Intrusion
Abnormal displacement of teeth out of bone.
Extrusion
The breaking of a part.
Fracture
Root tips will appear (RL/RO) on radiographs.
Radiopaque
(T/F) A malignant lesion will usually have an irregular border.
True
(Some T/F) Paget's disease, certain types of anemia and hyperparathyroidism are all examples of metabolic conditions that manifest themselves with changes of the trabecular pattern and lamina dura of bone in the mandible and maxilla. The dental hygienist's role is not to diagnose these diseases but rather to recognize the change from normal as seen on the radiographs.
Both statements are true.
Caries that radiographically involve the dentin are classified as:
C. advanced
As for periodontal prognoses, teeth that have anatomically short roots will:
A. have a poorer prognosis when it comes to periodontal disease
(T/F) All calculus will be seen radiographically.
False
Interproximal caries often appears as:
D. a moon or wedge shaped radiolucency
Radiographically, a newer composite restoration is (RL/RO).
Radiopaque
(T/F) Occlusal caries will be seen earlier radiographically than can be found during a clinical examination.
False
(T/F) Gingivitis is easily seen on radiographs.
False
(T/F) All caries viewed radiographically appear as a radiolucency.
True
Define the term 'triangulation'.
Widening of the periodontal ligament space at the crest of the interproximal septum.
The healthy periodontal ligament surrounding a normal tooth appears radiographically as a/an:
C. unbroken radiolucent line around the tooth root
Radiographically, calculus is (RL/RO).
Radiopaque
Radiographically, gold is (RL/RO).
Radiopaque
Interproximal caries is frequently found in which area of the tooth?
A. at or slightly apical to the contact point
An example of caries that is almost never seen on radiographs is:
D. lingual
Interproximal decay and early bone loss is seen best on (blank) radiographs.
D. bitewings
Radiographically, amalgam is (RL/RO).
Radiopaque
Exposure of a radiograph on a child:
A. requires less time than an adult
A typical number of films needed when taking a FMS on an edentulous patient is:
D. 13
If an impacted third molar seems to have moved mesially on the second film when the horizontal angulation is increased distally (the PID moved distally), the impaction might be:
(Buccal or lingual)
Buccal
Another name for a 'right angle' occlusal film is:
B. cross sectional film
(T/F) As a general rule, it is best to use the smallest film size that can be accommodated comfortably by the patient.
False
(T/F) If the need for taking a FMS on a 5 year old child should arise, it would be best to take 12 size 1 films.
False
How do you best provide client management when taking radiographs?
Maintain a light touch, build rapport, be professional and explain the procedures
Placebo techniques very often work with...
patients who have a tendency to gag
If a patient gags while taking radiographs, what is the best thing to do?
Recommend accupressure, breathing through nose, and distract the patient
Which of the following is probably the least reliable way to localize an impaction in the bucco-lingual plane:
Localization by definition
When taking an edentulous series using intraoral size 2 film, the exposure time is reduced by:
1/4
The gag reflex is:
A body defense system
(T/F) It is very difficult to use the paralleling technique on a patient who has large exostoses on the buccal surface of the jaws.
False
The tube shift technique is useful clinically in:
Localizing objects in the third plane
When taking a FMS on children, the exposure is generally reduced by what of an adult dose?
1/3
The condition where a patient cannot open their mouth due to infection or trauma.
Trismus
(T/F) It is permissible for a caregiver or parent to be in the operatory when radiographs are taken of a patient with a disability.
True
(Some T/F) With an edentulous patient, the exposure is decreased by a factor of 4. 18 impulses would be reduced to 14 impulses.
Both statements are true
What items does the clinician look for with an edentulous patient when taking radiographs?
B. all answers are correct
Bitewing projections cannot be used to detect:
Periapical pathology
Condensing osteitis
Root fracture
Hypercementosis
Bone sclerosis appears (RL/RO).
Radiopaque
Pulpal sclerosis appears (RL/RO) on radiographs.
Radiopaque
The pulp chambers and canals of teeth in older patients tend to be....
A. calcified
(T/F) Physiologic resorption is the resorption of teeth not associated with normal shedding of primary teeth.
False
(T/F) Another name for a pulp denticle is a pulp stone.
True
Both internal and external idiopathic root resorption result in:
C. pulp necrosis
(T/F) A periapical cyst is also known as a radicular cyst.
True
(T/F) Sclerotic bone is associated with a non-vital tooth.
False
(T/F) During the acute phase of a periapical abscess there will be no radiographic change.
True
(T/F) A radiographic sign of pulpitis is a thickening of the apical periodontal ligament space.
False
Hypercementosis is:
a. an excess deposition of cementum on the root surface
b. not attached to the cementum
c. associated with patients who have Paget's disease
d. a and b
e. a and c
an excess deposition of cementum on the root surface and associated with patients who have Paget's disease (a and c)
The first detectable sign of periapical pathology is:
Thickening of the PDL
Which of the following appear radiolucent on a radiograph?
a. periapical granuloma
b. first stage periapical cemental dysplasia
c. pulp necrosis
a and c only
How do a periapical cyst and a periapical granuloma appear radiographically?
a. they may appear identical
b. a cyst is always larger
c. a cyst is always smaller
d. none of these answers
They may appear identical (a)
All cysts located in bone will be see as (RL/RO) areas.
Radiolucent
Periapical abscesses appear on a radiograph as (RL/RO).
Radiolucent
A mesiodens is always:
a. nonvital
b. found in the midline
c. found distal to the last molar
d. to be extracted
found in the midline (b)
Teeth with dens invaginatus will:
B. have a poor prognosis
When teeth chip easily and radiographs reveal short roots and early pulp calcification, what is present?
Dentinogenisis imperfecta
The teeth in the area of fissural cysts usually test (vital/nonvital).
Vital
A club shaped root is usually a sign of:
cemental dysplasia
hypercementosis
concrescence
pathology
Hypercementosis
(T/F) Concresence is the anomaly known as 'tooth within a tooth' and is most often seen on a lateral incisor.
False
(T/F) Permanent distortion of the shape and relationship of the root of a tooth is called 'dens invaginatus'.
False
The dental papilla radiographically will resemble:
foramina
condensing osteitis
periaplical pathology
stage three PCD
Periapical pathology
(T/F) Another name for an enamel pearl is an enameloma.
True
Complete absence of teeth is known as:
Anodontia
A fused incisor will appear radiographically to have:
A. one large crown and two root canals
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the powerful magnetic field in which the patient is placed:
C. temporarily realigns the tissue protons
Digital radiography requires less radiation than conventional radiography because:
A. the sensor is more sensitive to xrays
(T/F) Two types of direct sensors are CCD (charged coupling device) and PSP (phosphor storage plates).
False
In computed tomography (CT) the image is formed by the:
computer
The definition seen on a digital image compared to film is:
slightly less
In comparison to the CCD or direct digital sensor, one advantage of the storage phosphor plate is that the PSP is:
A. slightly more flexible
(T/F) The energy source used for computed tomography is ionizing radiation.
True
(T/F) Indirect digital radiography involves two steps that result in an instantaneous image.
False
(T/F) In the optical scanning method, one starts with the finished, processed film.
True
(T/F) Direct digital radiography uses storage phosphor plates to record the image.
False
MRI can be used for:
a. pregnant patients
b. nursing patients
c. menopausal patients
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
all of the above
The computer used for digital imaging:
C. can be used for other functions
(T/F) The magnetic resonance imaging technique is better for visualization of hard tissue, such as bone.
False
If the patient fails to hold the dorsal surface of his tongue on the roof of the mouth, what will happen?
A large black shadow will be present between the tongue and the palate, the roots of the maxillary teeth may be obscured, and and airway shadow will result.
What is true regarding panoramic image production?
Panoramic image production is based upon the principle of tomography
Structures positioned within the focal trough will be seen clearly on the final radiograph and structures positioned outside will be blurred.
What best describes a disadvantage of panoramic imaging?
Panoramic films have overlapping of interproximal surfaces in the premolar area
In positioning the patient for a pano, what will happen if the patient is too far forward?
The upper and lower anterior teeth will be blurred
A white inverted v-shaped radiopacity on the bottom of the film is most likely caused by:
Lead apron artifact
(T/F) Panoramic films are recommended for periodontal disease
False
When the patient's chin is tipped too far downward for a panoramic radiograph:
The radiographic image appears to 'smile'
Ghost images are a major disadvantage of panoramic radiographs. They generally are:
Blurred, magnified, and distorted images on the film
Located above and on the opposite side of the original image
Which of the following anatomic structures is usually not seen on intraoral periapical radiographs, but is seen on pantomographs?
C. mandibular foramen
Intensifying screens function to convert:
X-ray photons into light photons
In a panoramic image, widening of the anterior teeth along with ghosting of the contralateral rami occur when the patient is positioned:
Too far backward
When one condyle is higher and bigger than the other in the panoramic image, the patient's head is:
