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CD4 vs CD8
- CD4: helper T cells
- CD8: cytotoxic T cells
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granulocytes vs agranulocytes (mononuclear cells)
- granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
- agranulocytes: monocytes (macrophages), lymphocytes, dendritic cel
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granulocytes w/ basic description and function
- neutrophils: phagocytosis, destruction of pathogens
- eosinophis: red or pink cytoplasmic granules (eosin)
- multicellular parasites
- basophils/mast cells: blue cytoplasmic granules (methylene blue)
- allergic reactions, parasites
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mononuclear cells w/ basic description and function
- Single lobed nucleus, no visible granules
- Monocytes: phagocytic, macrophages in tissue, act as APC for lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes: move to lymph nodes after maturation
- NK cells destroy virus infected and cancer cells
- B & T involved in acquired immunity
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Dendritic cells w/ basic description and function
- Tissue specific, found in many tissues
- Active phagocytes
- APCs for lymphocytes in nodes
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What are the pathways for complement activation?
- Classical: C1 protein binds to antigen-antibody complex
- Alternative: C3 protein binds to pathogen cell surface, activates C3 convertase
- Lectin: MBL (mannose-binding lectin) binds to bacterial surfaces with mannans (a polysaccharide)
- this complex binds to C2 and C4
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MHC I vs MHC II
- MHC I: present on all nucleated cells, recognize proteins produced by cells
- "self"
- MHC II: present on APCs, role in activation of T cells
- "antigen"
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myeloid vs lymphoid cell types
- Myeloid: RBCs, neutrophils, eosinophils,basophils/mast cells, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells
- Lymphoid: T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells
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Basic antibody structure
- Y shaped
- 2 identical H chains
- 2 identical L chain
- Constant region (determines location, functional class)
- Variable region (determines sp. epitope)
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Briefly describe the classes of antibodies
- IgG: major circulating antibody
- cross placenta
- indicator of long-lasting immunity
- IgM: pentamer
- first to appear after B cell stimulation
- short-lived
- IgA: Dimer in mucosa
- found in colostrum (mother's milk)
- IgE: allergic reactions
- effective against worms
- IgD: receptor on B cell surface
- role in regulation? (not much known)
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