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Modes of transmission
- Direct: comes in direct contact w/ microbial reservoir
- Indirect: encounters vector or vehicle(fomite)
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What are the two major types of phagocytes? development? strategy for "attack"?
- Neutrophils (PMNs/polymorphonuclear leukocytes): develop in marrow, circulate in blood/tissues, first cells to bacterial infection,
- Macrophages: develop in marrow and circulate as monocytes then transform in tissue, reside in specific organs waiting for encounters
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Components of inflammation w/ basic description
- Phagocytes: ingest/destroy microorganisms
- Complement system: chemotaxis, opsonization, kill gram-negative bacteria directly
- coagulation system: attract phagocytes, increase blood/fluid flow, physically inhibits spread of microorganisms
- cytokines (secreted proteins): enhance activities of many cells (specific and nonspecific response)
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Abbreviations for the two active areas of an Ab
- Fab region: antigen binding site (V in the Y)
- Fc region: phagocyte/complement binding site (I in the Y)
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What are the two general branches of the specific immune system? Cells involved?
- Antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity): B lymphocytes mediated by helper T cells and cytokines
- *note, B cells actually activate the T cells initially
- Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity): cytotoxic T cellls activated by antigen-presenting cells
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pathogenicity vs virulence
- Pathogenicity: likelihood of causing disease
- Virulence: amount of damage if disease is caused
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signs vs symptoms
- signs: measurable, physical
- symptoms: described by patient
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active vs passive immunization
- active: standard immunization
- passive: anti-toxin style
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