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Who governs the Standard of prehospital emergecy care??
Ch1 P20
The state office of EMS
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EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic levels are Recommended and licensed by whom?
ch1 P20
they have been recommended by national standards and licensed by the state.
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What skills can an EMT do?
CH1 p20
Basic emergency skills including AED, Airway adjuncts and ASSiSTING in certain medications.
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What skills can an AEMT Perform?
Ch1 p20
Specific ALS like IV's and certain emergency medications.
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What are the key components to an AEMTS job?
ch1 p20
- scene sizeup
- patient assessment and treatment and packing.
after that prepare for transport while staying within your protocol.
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What is CQI?
ch1 p20
Continuous quality improvement is continuous internal and external reviews on all aspects of an ems call.
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What is the health information portability and accountability act
ch1 p21
legislation created in1996 providing criminal sanctions and civil penalties for releasing patient information.
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Professional attributes of an AEMT??
ch1 p18
Integrity,empathy,self-motivation, appearance and hygiene, self confidence, time management, communications, teamwork, respect, patient advocacy, careful delivery of care
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what are primary and secondary means of prevention?
ch1 p16
Primary-focuses on the strategies that will prevent the event from ever happening. also ensuring that people know the risks of drinking and driving or using tobacco.
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What different steps can you take to prevent yourself from infectious disease???
ch2 p59
- Remain up-to-date on vaccinations
- following standard precautions at all times
- handleing needles and other sharps with great care
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what are the recommended vaccinations to keep up to date?
ch2 p59
- tetnus boosters
- MMR
- flu shot
- hep B
- varcella
- TB skin test
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what consideration is the most important situation?
ch2 p59
you safety
hazards include traffic hazards,unstable vehicle, exposure to hazardous materials. electricity and fire.
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What is the standard of care
ch3
is the manner in which when treating sick or injured patients
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What is you Duty to act
ch3
is the responsibility of an individual to provide patient care.
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What is negligence
ch3
failure to provide the same care that a person of similar training would provide.
determination of that determines on proximate cause, breach of duty, duty, damages.
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What is defined as assault?
unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate harm without the persons consent.
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what is defined as battery?
ch3
unlawfully touching someone. this includes providing emergency care without consent.
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Describe the guidelines of consent
ch3
A patient that's alert and oriented must be give you consent prior to providing care. a conscious adult must give you expressed consent. the expressed consent must also be informed
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what are the guidelines for consent for a minor??
ch3
you should try to obtain consent from a parent or guardian whenever possible. but you should NEVER withhold life saving care.
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what are he presumptive signs of death
ch3
- unresposive to painful stimuli
- lack of pulse or heartbeat
- absent breath sounds
- no corneal reflexes
- no blood pressure
- profound cyanosis
- lowered body temp.
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How do you work with difficult Paitents???
Ch4
Use the same technique just make extra effort to be open and compassionate. Use open-ended questions provide positive feed back.
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What are the components of ems system communication
- Base station-dispatch to ems
- Repeater-receive signals on a channel and transmits them on another frequency.
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What purpose does the skeleton serve??
Ch5
- Protection of fragile organs
- Allows movement and
- gives body its shape.
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Why is cardiac muscle different??
CH5
Has the automacity property. Generate and conduct w/o influence of the brain.
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what are the structures of the respiratory system??
ch5
Nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
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What portion controls breathing?
ch5
The respiratory center in the brainstem controls breathing. the nerves in that area notices the levels of CO2in the blood and spinal fluid. The brain adjusts the levels in the arterial blood supply.
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Describe what happens with the diaphragm during inhalation?
ch5
diaphragm contract moving DOWN. the intercostals contract the move the ribs UP and OUt.
after enlarging the chest cavity, the pressure begins to fall, making it lower than atmospheric pressure. then air rushes into the lungs.
AKA- Negative pressure breathing.
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How much percent of oxygen do we take into each breath, and artificially?
ch5
16% percent is good enough for the body.
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how does the alveolicapillary exchange occur??
ch5
it diffuses across the membrane (gas dissolves into a liquid) the gases move from a higher concentration moves to a lower concentration
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How does carbon dioxide move into the alveoli
ch5
CO2 moves in where the concentration is lower. oxygenated blood then enters the left side of the heart.
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what is the primary waste product of metabolisim???
ch5
Carbon dioxide.
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What is an hypoxic drive
Back up system to control respiration.
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What determines the level of acidity in the blood
The concentration of hydrogen ions
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Describe the ph scale
- 0 (most acidic)
- 14 (least acidic)
- 7 (neutral)
- When higher than 7 its too basic or alkalotic
- Lower or acidic or acidotic
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What is afterload
The pressure in the aorta against the left ventricle must pump against.
The greater the after load the smaller the stroke volume
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What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped in one min.
HEART RATE MULTIPLIED BY STROKE VOLUME
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What is starling law??
ch5
Increased venous return to the heart and stretches the ventricles and increased contractility
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what different mechanisims allow material to pass thru the wall?
ch5
- diffusiom
- osmosis
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
- endocytosis
- and exocytosis
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what are the major mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis?
ch5
- Anti-diuretic hormone
- thirst
- kidneys
- and water shifts.
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where is the pancreas and what does it do?
ch5
behind the liver and the stomach and behind the peritonium
its exocrine job is to secrete two liters of pancreatic juice a day to digest fat protein and starch.
the other portion is endocrine thru the islets of Langerhans to secrete insulin or glucagon.
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describe where the gallbladder is and what it does????
ch5
gallbladder and the bile ducts connected to the liver to form the bilary system. usually holds 60-90 ml of fluid
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what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?? Then the posterior
ch5
Posterior= Oxytocin and anti diuretic hormone
Anterior= Growth hormone, luitinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, thyroid stimulating,prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone.
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Where is the thyroid gland and what is its job??
ch5
located at the base of the neck and its job is to secrete hormones that deal with growth, metabolism. it secretes calcitonin which regulates high calcium to normal levels in the blood.
**the parathyroid regulates low levels of calcium. located behind the thyroid.
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whats another name for the startle reflex in infants??
ch6
moro refelx
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from infant and up. whats a normal respiratory rate.
ch6
25 - 50 breaths/min and blood pressure would be between 70-95
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What are the 4 compounds that make up a medication?
- -synthetic
- -vegtable
- -animal
- -mineral
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what were the first 5 laws governing the use of medications
ch7
- Pure food and drug act(1906)
- food drug and cosmetic act 1938)
- harrison narcotic act (1914)
- narcotic control act(1956)
- controlled substance act(1970)
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what is the following
chemical name-
generic name-
trade name-
official name
ch7
chemical name is the precise description of the chemical and molecular structure
generic name is usually its original chemical name
the trade name is the name that the manufacturer gives to the medication
official name- name assigned by the usp
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From the controlled substance act of 1970 5 different classes of classifications of medications came out. what is the difference between them
ch7
Schedule1-highest abuse potential, no medical application just research only. banned everywhere.
schedule 2- amphetamines, opiates, cocaine, Demerol and short acting barbiturates.
schedule 3-same drugs as above but now with more narcs. Tylenol with codeine, Vicodin. low or moderate physical dependence.
schedule 4-low abuse potential Valium, ativan
schedule 5-lowest, but can lead to dependence. cough syrups with codeine
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Children need Lower or higher doses of medication???
ch7
higher: children metabolize medication quicker than adults do. and more frequent
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Drugs or medications can be classified into the following three categories.
ch7
By body system- catagorized by the system affected by the drug
by class of agent- the class of medication tells how it affects the system
By mechanism of action-the particular action by which the drug creates a desired effect on the organisim (nitro opens up the heart)
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what is the alpha 1 response??
Peripheral vaso-constriction
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whats is an alpha-2 response
- Peripheral vasodilation
- little or no broncoconstriction
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what are the beta one responses
Increased heart rate, automacity, contractility and conductivity
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what are the beta 2 responses
bronchodilation and vasodilation.
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what are parasympathomimetics also called
cholinergic medications because they stimulate cholinergic receptors. the antagonists to that is called
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