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Epidermis
- 5. Stratum corneum: most superficial and consists of cornified cells. Furthest away.
- 4. Stratum lucidum: Thin, clear zone. Found only in palms and soles [thick skin].
- 3. Stratum granulosum: Contains keratohyalin. In superficial layers nucleus and other organelles degenerate and cell begins to die.
- 2. Stratum spinosum: Limited cell division. Desmosomes. Lamellar bodies and additional keratin fibers.
- 1. Stratum basale: Hemidesmosome anchors basale membrane. Deepest portion of epidermis and single layer. High mitotic activity and cells starts to become keratinized (keratin fiber).
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Epidermal cells
- Cells found in the epidermis
- Keratinocytes: Produce keratin
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Stratum corneum
most superficial and consists of cornified cells. Furthest away.
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Stratum lucidum
Thin, clear zone. Found only in palms and soles. Thick skin not loose skin.
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Stratum granulosum
Limite cell division. Desmosomes. Lamellat bodies and additional keratin fibers.
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Stratum basale
Hemidesmosome anchors basale membrane. Deepest portion of epidermis and single layer. High mitotic activity and cell starts to become keratinized (keratin fiber).
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Epidermal cells
- Cell types found in the epidermis.
- Keratinocytes: produce keratin.
- Melanocytes: skin color.
- Langerhan's cell: part of immune system.
- Merkel's cell (disk): superficial touch. detect light touch.
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Desquamate
cells of the deeper layers undergo mitosis; as they move toward the surface, older cells slough off.
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Keratinization
as cells move outward through layers they fill with keratin die, and serve as a layer that resist abrasion and forms impermeability layer.
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2 layers of the dermis
- Papillary layer of the dermis: superficial outer (1/5). Fingerprints.
- Reticular layer of the dermis: Deep (inner) 4/5. Hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, ducts of seat glands.
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Sweat gland
- Merocrine sweat gland: most common.
- Apocrine sweat gland: highly active around puberty.
- Ceruminous gland: Cerumen (earwax).
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Burn classification
- First degree: only epidermis, pain, usually no scar. only epidermis.
- Second degree: blistering. epidermis and upper dermis. some scarring.
- Third degree: no pain. destroys epidermis and dermis. nerve endings are destroyed.
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Rule of Nine
[Burn surface area]
- Head & Neck: 9% (front & back)
- Anterior Torso: 18% (9% upper & 9% lower)
- Posterior Torso: 18% (9% upper & 9% lower)
- Upper Extremity: (9% each (4.5 front & 4.5% back)
- Lower Extremity: 18% each (9% front & 9% back)
- Genitals: 1%
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Skin cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
- A: symetrical, line through center, mirror each side.
- B: borders irregular.
- C: color changer, dark to light short period of time.
- D: diameter increase.
- E: evenly, constantly evolving.
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