Criminal Justice part 2

a system in which members of a tithing pledge to be responsible for keeping order and bringing violators of the law to court

the practice of assigning individuals to night observation duty to warn the public of fires and crime

law enforcement in the south to catch and control slaves

top law enforcement official in county government who was an exceptionally important police official during westward expansion

federal law enforcement official that handle duties in western territories

close personal contact between police and citizens and the inclusion of citizens in efforts to solve problems

community policing strategy that emphasizes solving problems of disorder in a neighborhood

preservice training required for sworn officers

the process by which rules, symbols, and values, of a group are learned by its members

the symbols, beliefs, values, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup of the larger society

a set of characteristics developed due to work situations and evironmental influences

the police of function of preventing behavior that disturbs or threatens to disturb the public peace

police function of controlling crime by intervening in situations in which the law has been violated

the police function of providing assistance to the public, usually in matters unrelated to crime

the organizational description of police departments' design and operation that seek to achieve efficiency through division of labor, chain of command, and rules to guide staff

units of local police departments that deploy uniformed officers to handle police functions

style of policing that emphasizes order maintenance and tolerates minor violations of law

style of policing that emphasizes strict enforcement of laws and reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally

officer's cater to citizen's desire for favorable treatment and sensitivity to individual situations

citizens' commmittee formed to investigate complaints against the police

organization formed to develop standards for police policies and practice

Civil Law suits authorized by a federal statute against the state and local officials and local agencies when citizens have evidence that these people have violated their federal constitutional rights

the deployment of police personnel and development of police strategies based on results from social science studies

policing in which calls for service are the primary instigators of actions

A patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response

meetings of policemen where they discuss crime stats and goals for problem solving and crime prevention

percentage of crimes known to the police that they believed have been solved by an arrest

making the police presents known, to deter crime, make officers readily available to respond to calls

School resource officers

a proactive form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas

a patrol strategy designed to maximize number of police interventions and observations in the community

programs where criminal justice officials create relations with and rely on assistance of citizens in preventing crime and apprehending offenders within the neighborhood

• Maintain order
• Enforce Laws
• Provide services to the community
• Prevent Crime

• Federal Law
• State
• County
• Municipal
• Native American Tribal Police

• Patrol
• Investigation
• Traffic
• Vice
• Juvenile

• law is just pretext
• could be used for something its not meant for (screwdrive)
• policemen have the most discretion

• Retroactive: prosecution of crimes
• Preventive: guarding against threats to public safety or order

• Nature of the crime
• Relationship between the suspect and victim
• Relationship between police and criminal or victim
• Race/ethinicity, age, gender, class
• Departmental Policy

• Line Functions: Field operations, carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation, traffic, vice,juvenile, etc.
• Staff Function: supplement or support the line function

Patrol, Investigation, Special Operations

• answering calls for help
• maintaining police presence
• probing suspicious circumstances

• Community based crime prevention
• Changing focus to non emergency services
• Making Police accountable to public
• Decentralize decision making to include residents

• no tolerance for broken windows 
• automatic punishments for infractions of a stated role
• Limit police discretion

Safe & Clean Neighborhoods Act, approved in New Jersey 1973

• not very strong evidence that it worked
• works against community policing 
• could target the poor

• Physical evidence solves crimes
• Appearances may be deceiving
• Everything must be questioned 
• Think about evidence you can't see
• Do it right the first time
• Proceed Slowly
• Understand the influences of Assumptions