History Unit 2

An era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by loose government oversight over corporation, which fostered unfettered capitalism and widespread political corruption.

A network of political activists and elected officials, usually controlled by a powerful "boss," that attempts to manipulate local politics.

Conservative republican party faction during the presidency of Rutherford B Hayes, 1877-1881

Led by Senator Roscoe B Conkling of New York, ______ opposed civil service reform and favored a third term for President Ulysses S Grant.

As a Republican congressman from Maine, he developed close ties with business leaders, which contributed to him losing the presidential election of 1884.

He opposed President Cleveland's efforts to reduce tariffs, which became a significant issue in the 188 presidential election.

_____served as secretary of state under President Benjamin Harrison and his flamboyant style often overshadowed the president.

Reform wing of he Republican party that supported Democrat Grover Cleveland for president in 1884 over Republican James G Blaine, whose influence peddling had been revealed in the Mulligan letters of 1876.

Political movement that grew out of the Patrons of Husbandry, an educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867.

_______ had its greatest success in the Midwest of the 1870s, lobbying for government control of railroad and grain elevator rates and establishing farmers' cooperatives.

Two separate organization (Northwestern and Southern) of the 1880s and 1890s that took the place of the Grange, worked for similar causes, causes, and attracted landless, as well as landed, farmers to their membership.

Political success of Farmers' Alliance candidates encouraged the formation in 1892 of the

Active until 1912, it advocated in variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators.

She was a leader of the farm protest movement who advocated violence if change could not be obtained at the ballot box.

She believed that the urban-industrial East was the enemy of working class.

As a congressman, he was responsible for the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which raised the duties on manufactured products to their highest level ever.

Voters disliked the tariff and McKinley, as well as other Republicans, lost their seats in Congress the next election.

He won the presidential election of 1896 and raised the tariffs again

In 1898, he annexed Hawaii and declared war on Spain.

The war concluded with the Treaty of Paris, which gave America control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

America was fighting Filipinos, who were seeking independence for their country.

In 1901, ______ was assassinated.

Delivered the pro-silver "cross of gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic Convention and won his party's nomination for president.

Disappointed pro-gold Democrats chose to walk out of the convention and nominate their own candidate, which split the Democratic party and cost them the White House.

__________ loss also crippled the Populist movement that had endorsed him.

In the New South, these laws mandated the separation of races in various public places that served as a way for the ruling whites to impose their will on all areas of black life.

In 1890, Mississippi instituted policies that led to a near-total loss of voting rights for blacks and many poor whites.

In order to vote, the state required that citizens pay all their taxes first, be literate, and have been residents of the state for two years and one year in an electoral district.

Convicts were banned from voting. Seven other states followed this strategy of disenfranchisement.

Principle underlying legal racial segregation, which was upheld in Plessy V Ferguson (1896) and struck down in Brown V Board of Education (1954).

After being denied a seat on a railroad car because she was black, she became the first African American to file a suit against such discrimination.

As a journalist, she criticized Jim Crow laws, demanded that blacks have their voting rights restored and crusaded against lynching.

In 1909, she helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

He founded a leading college for African Americans in Tuskegee, Alabama, and become the foremost black educator in America by the 1890s.

He believed that the African American community should establish an economic base for its advancement before striving for social equality.

His critics charged that his philosophy sacrificed educational and civil rights for dubious social acceptance and economic opportunities.

He criticized Booker T. Washington's views on civil rights as being accommodationist.

He advocated "ceaseless agitation" for civil rights and the immediate end to segregation and an enforcement of laws to protect civil rights and equality.

He promoted an education for African Americans that would nurture bold leaders who were willing to challenge discrimination in politics.

In what year was the Supreme Court Issues Munn V Illinois decision

In what year was Rutherford B Hayes inaugurated president.

In what year did congress pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.

In what year was Interstate Commerce Commission created?

In what year was James A Garfield assassinated?

In what year did congress pass the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the Sherman silver Purchase Act, and the McKinley Tariff?

In what year did the Supreme Court Issues Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company V Illinois decision.

In what year did Mississippi Plan re-segregate public facilities by race?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created when?

In what year did Supreme Court Issue Plessy V Ferguson decision.

In what year did People's party drafts its Omaha platform?

In what year did Booker T. Washing deliver his Atlanta Compromise speech?

In what year did Economic depression affect a substantial proportion of the population?

____ was an advocate for sea power and Western imperialism.

In 1890, he published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.

1660-1783 in which he argued that a nation's greatest and porsperity comes from maritime power.

He believed that America's "destiny" was to control the Caribbean, build the Panama Canal, and spread Western civilization across the Pacific.

As the assistant secretary of the navy, he supported expansionism, American Imperialism and war with Spain.

He led the First Volunteer Cavalry, or Rough Riders, in Cuba during the war of 1898 and used the notoriety of this military campaign for political gain.

As President McKinley's vice president, he succeeded McKinley after his assassinations.

His forceful foreign policy became known as "big stick diplomacy."

Domestically, his policies on natural resources helped start the conversation movement.

Unable to win the Republican nomination for president in 1912, he formed his own party of progressive Republicans called the "Bull Moose" party.

In 1891, she ascended to the throne of Hawaiian royal family and tried to eliminate white control of the Hawaiian government.

In 1893, Hawaii's white population revolted and seized power with the support of American marines.

In the late 1890s, the New York Journal and its rival, the New York World, printed sensationalism on the Cuban revolution as part of their heated competition for readership.

The New York Journal printed a negative letter from Spanish ambassador about President McKinley and inflammatory coverage of the sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor.  The events roused the American public's outcry against Spain.

In the late 1890s, the New York World and its rival, New York Journal, printed sensationalism on the Cuban revolution as part of their heated competition for readership.

A type of journalism, epitomized in the 1890s by the newspaper empires of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, that intentionally manipulates public opinion through sensational headlines about both real and invented events.

Spanish ambassador Depuy de Lome wrote a letter to a friend in Havana in which he described President McKinley as "weak" and a seeker of public admiration.

This letter was stolen and published in the New York Journal, which increased the American pubic's dislike of Spain and moved the two countries closer to war.

On April 20, 1898, a joint resolution of Congress declared Cuba independent and demanded the withdrawal of Spanish forces.

The _______ was added to this resolution, and it declaimed any designs the United States had on Cuban territory.

On April 30, 1898, Commodore ______ small U.S. naval squadron defeated the Spanish warships in Manila Bay in the Philippines. This quick victory aroused expansionist fever in the United States.

He was a leader in Filipino struggle for independence.

During the war of 1898, Commodore George Dewey brought _______ back to the Philippines from exile to help fight the Spanish.

America annexed the Philippines and _______ fought against the American military until he was captured in 1901.

The First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, led in battle in the Spanish-American War by Theodore Roosevelt.

They were victorious in their only battle near Santiago, Cuba.

Roosevelt used the notoriety to aid his political career.

His work on yellow fever in Cuba led to the discovery that the fever was carried by mosquitoes.  This understanding helped develop more effective controls of the worldwide disease

In hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports, Secretary of State John Hay unilaterally announced in 1899 that Chinese trade would be open to all nations.

President Theodore Roosevelt announced in what was essentially a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine that the United States could intervene militarily to prevent interference from European powers in the Western Hemisphere.

In what year did Cuban insurrection break out against Spanish rule?

Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed when?

When was war of 1898?

In what year did the U.S. Senate ratify the Treaty of Paris, ending the war of 1898?

In what year did U.S. battleship Maine Explode in Havana Harbor?

In what year did Filipino insurgents resist U.S. domination?

When did United States annex Hawaii?

When did Panamanians revolt against Colombia?

When did the Panama Canal open?

In what year did the Great Fleet circumnavigate the globe in a demonstration of America's rise to the world-power status?

When did the Army Fever Commission confirms the cause of yellow fever?

When did the Russo-Japanese War occur?

In what year did the International alliance quell the Boxer Rebellion?

Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.

Product of the late nineteenth-century movement to offer a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods.

Chicago's Hull House was one of hundreds of _______ that operated by the early twentieth century.

As the leader of one of the best known settlement houses, she rejected the "do-goodism" spirit of religious reformers.

She focused on solving the practical problems of the poor and tried to avoid the assumption that she and other social workers knew what was best for poor immigrants.

She was active in the peace movement and was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1931 for her work on its behalf.

She established child care for working mothers, health clinics, job training, and other social programs.

Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meat-packing, child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of the twentieth century.

Their popular books and magazine articles spurred public interest in progressive reform.

In his book The Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick W. Taylor explained a management system that claimed to be able to reduce waste through the scientific analysis of the labor process.

The system called _______ promised to find the optimum technique for the average worker and establish detailed performance standards for each job classification.

An important part of the Progressive's agenda, social justice sought to solve social problems through reform and regulation.

Methods used to bring about _____________ ranged from the founding of charities to the legislative of a ban on child labor.

As the head of the National Consumer's League, she led the crusade to promote state law to regulate the number of working hours imposed on women who were wives and mothers.

Platform of the Progressive party and slogan of former President Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912.

Stressed government activism, including regulation of trusts, conservation, and recall of state court decisions that had nullified progressive programs.

Legalized the federal income tax.

In the 1912 election, Theodore Roosevelt was unable to secure the Republican nomination for president.

Theodore Roosevelt left the Republican party and formed his own party of progressive Republicans, called ______.

Roosevelt and Taft split the Republicans vote, which allowed Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win.

In the 1912 presidential election, _______ ran under the slogan of New Freedom, which promised to improve of the banking system, lower tariffs, and break up monopolies.

He sought to deliver on these promises through passage of the Underwood-Simmons Tariff, the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and new anti-trust laws.

Though he was weak on implementing social change and showed a little interest in the plight of African Americans, he did eventually support some labor reform.

At the beginning of the First World War, ______ kept America neutral, but provided the Allies with credit for purchases of supplies.

The sinking of U.S. merchant ships and the news of Germany encouraging Mexico to attack America caused _____ to ask Congress to declare war on Germany.

After the war on Germany, ______ supported the entry of America into the League of Nations and the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, but Congress would not approve the entry of ratification.

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912.

Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

The presidential _______ featured four candidates: Wilson, Taft, Roosevelt, and Debs.

Wilson, Taft, Roosevelt, and Debs believed in the basic assumptions of progressive politics, but each had a different view on how progressive ideals should be implemented through policy.

In the end, Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican party votes and Wilson emerged as the winner.

She was a leader of a new generation of activists in the women's suffrage movement who carried on the work started by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony.

Granted women the right to vote.

As a birth-control activist, she worked to distribute birth control information to working-class women and opened the nation's first family-planning clinic in 1916.

She organized the American Birth Control League, which eventually changed its name to Planned Parenthood.

Act passed by Congress in 1903, making it illegal for railroads to take as well as to give secret rebates to their favorite customers.

A giant conglomerate of railroads that had a monopoly over the Great Northern and Northern Pacific lines.

President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the company broken up in 1902, and it was dissolved by the Supreme Court in 1904.

Passed in 1906 largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair's the Jungle, the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meat packing industry.

Passed in 1906, the first law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling.

Supreme court ruling in 1908 that upheld a ten-hour work day law for woman largely on the basis of sociological data regarding the effects of long hours on the health and morals of women.

was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York and resulted in the fourth Highest loss of life from an industrial accident in U.S. history.

Caused the deaths of 146 garment workers, who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling to their death.

Most of the victims were recent Jewish and Italian immigrant women aged sixteen to twenty three.  The oldest victim was 48, the youngest were two 14 year olds.

Glass-Owen ______ created a Federal Reserve System of regional banks and a Federal Reserve Board to stabilize the economy by regulating the supply of currency and controlling credit.

When did Theodore Roosevelt attempt to arbitrate the coal strike?

Hull-House, a settlement house, opened in Chicago, when?

When did Congress pass the Elkins Act?

When did Congress pass the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act?

When did the Justice Department break up Northern Securities Company?

When did the Supreme Court issue Muller V Oregon decision?

When did Upton Sinclair's The Jungle publish?

When did Congress pass the Mann-Elkins Act?

When did William Taft inaugurate president?

When did Congress pass the Federal Reserve Act?

When did Louis Brandeis get nominated to fill a seat on the Supreme Court?

When was Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire?

When was the Nineteenth Amendment, guaranteeing women's suffrage, is ratified?

When did Congress pass the Clayton Anti-Trust Act?

While the leader of one of the competing fractions in the Mexican civil war, he provoked the United States into intervening.

He hoped attacking the United States would help him build a reputation as an opponent of the United States, which would increase his popularity and discredit Mexican President Carranza.

After Pancho Villa had conducted several raids into Texas and New Mexico, President Woodrow Wilson sent troops under the command of General ______ into Mexico to stop Villa.  After a year of chasing Villa and not being able to catch him, they returned to the the United States.

During the First World War, ______ commanded the first contingent of U.S. soldiers sent to Europe and advised the War Department to send additional American forces.

The Taft administration's policy of encouraging American bankers to aid debt-plagued governments in Haiti, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

A new concept of war enabled by industrialization that developed from the early 1800s through the Atomic Age.

New technologies, including automatic weaponry, forms of transportation like the railroad and airplane, and communication technologies such as the telegraph and telephone, enabled nations to equip large, mass-conscripted armies with chemical and automatic weapons to decimate opposing armies in a "total war."

A military submarine operated by the German government in the First World War, used to attack enemy merchant ships in war zone waters.

The sinking of the ocean liner Lusitania by a German submarine caused a public outcry in America, which contributed to the demands to expand the United States Military.

After America's entry into World War I, the economy of the home front needed to reorganized to provide the most efficient means of conducting the war.  The ______ was a part of this effort.

Under the leadership of Herbert Hoover, the organization sought to increase agricultural production while reducing civilian consumption of foodstuff.

During the First World War, this committee produced war propaganda that conveyed the Allies' war aims to Americans as well as attempted to weaken the enemy's morale.

He convinced President Woodrow Wilson that the best approach to influencing public opinion was through propaganda rather than censorship.

As the executive head of the Committee on Public Information, he produced propaganda that conveyed the Allies' war aims.

Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, this Marxist party led the November 1917 revolution against the newly formed provisional government in Russia.

After seizing control, the ______ negotiated a peace treaty with Germany, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and ended their participation in World War I.

Organization of nations to mediate disputes and avoid war established after the First World War as part of the Treaty of Versailles.

President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" speech to Congress in 1918 proposed the formation of the league.

He was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who favored limiting America's involvement in the League of Nations' covenant and sought to amend the Treaty of Versailles.

As a part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was required to confess its responsibility for the First World War and make payments to the victors for the entire expense of the war.  These 2 requirements created a deep bitterness among Germans.

Unprecedentedly lethal influenza epidemic of 1918 that killed more than 22 million people worldwide.

As the attorney general, he played an active role in government's response to the Red Scare.

After several bombings across America, he and other Americans became convinced that there was a well-organized Communist terror campaign at work.

The federal government launched a campaign of raids, deportations, and collecting files on radical individuals.

Fear among many Americans after the First World War of Communists in particular and non-citizens in general, a reaction to the Russian Revolution, mail bombs, strikes, and riots.

When did World War I begin in Europe?

When did United States intervene in Mexico?

When did Congress pass the National Defense Act?

When did the United States enter the Great War?

When did the British linear Lusitania, with Americans aboard, torpedo without warning by a German Submarine?

When did Woodrow Wilson deliver his Fourteen Points speech?

When did Zimmermann telegram reveal that Germany was attempting to incite Mexico to enter the war against the United States?

When did Versaille is present to the Germans?

When did Joint resolution of Congress officially end the war among the United States, Germany, and Austria-Hungary?

When did U.S. attorney general launch Red Scare?

When did the Representative of warning nations sign armistice?

When did Race riots break out in Chicago?

When did Supreme Court issue Schenck V United States decision?