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Name the parts of the humerous
- head
- antomical neck
- surgical neck
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercle groove
- deltoid tuberosity
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Parts of the Glenohumeral joint
- glenoid labrum
- articular capsule
- coracoacromial ligament
- rotator cuff mm.
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What is the glenoid labrum
rim of fibrocartilage that makes a larger "cup" for the head of the humerus
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What is the articular casule
- It is a thin capsule surrounding the joint
- a) attaches the glenoid cavity to anatomical neck of humerus
- b)lined by synovial membrane and enclosing synovial fluid to lub jt.
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What is the coracoacromial ligament
It is a ligament that attaches the acromian and the coracoid process, forms an arch to prevent upward displacement of the humeral head
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What are the two joints of the clavicle?
- 1) The sternoclavicular joint: jt. b/w clavicle and sternum has a synovial jt with articular disk. It is the only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton
- 2) The acromioclavicular joint: where the lateral end of the scapula articulates with the acromion of the scapula, most commonly dislocated
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What ligaments hold the acromioclavicular joint together?
acromioclavicular ligament and the caracoclavicular ligament
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What are the scapularhumeral mm.?
They are the muscles that pass from the scapula to the humerus and are responsible for its movement; remember penguin arms b/c if one can't scapula they will have arm movements like penguins
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What are the muscles that make up the scapuhumeral mm.?
- 1)Rotator cuff mm: supraspinatus m., infrapinatus m., teres minor m., subscapularis m.,
- 5)The teres major m., 6) the deltoid
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Define supraspinatus m.
- attaches: at the supraspionous fossa to the great tubercle of the humerus
- movement: ABDUCTS arm (first 15 degrees
- supplied: by suprascapular n.
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Define infraspinatus m.
- attaches: infraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of humerus
- movements: laterally rotates adn adducts the arm
- supply: suprascapular nerve
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Define teres minor m.
- attaches: at scapula's lateral border to the greater tubercle of the humerus
- movements: latterally rotates and adducts the arm
- supply: axillary n.
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Define subscapularis m.
- attach: subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle fossa (remember its an anterior muscle)
- movement: medailly rotation and adduction
- supply: upper and lower subscapular nn.
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Define teres major m.
- attaches: runs from scapula's inferior angle to the intertubercular groove (remeber is attache to rotator cuff mm. but dives off of them and comes through the arm pit to the anterior side of the body)
- movement: medially rotates and adducts
- supply: lower scapula n.
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Define deltoid m.
- attach: starts at the clavicle, acromion and the scapula's spine and ends at the deltoid tuberosity
- movement: abducts beyond 15 degrees
- supply: axillary n.
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What are the axioappendicular mm.?
They are the muscles which attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton. There are 4 on the posterior side of the body and 5 on the anterior side.
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Name the 4 posterior axioappendicular mm.
- levator scapulae m.
- rhomboid major and rhomboid minor m.
- trapezius m.
- latissimus dorsi.
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Define levator scapulae m.
- attach: at transverse processes of C1-C4 to the superior part of medial border of the scapula
- movement: elevation of scapula and inferior rotation
- supply: dorsal scapular n. and anterior rami of C3 and C4
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Define rhomboid major and minor mm.
- r. minor
- attaches: runs form spinous processes of C7 and T1 to area just medial to the spine of the scapula
- r. major
- attaches: at spinous processes of T2-T5 to the inferior part of medial border fo teh scapula
- both
- movement: retract the scapula and act in inferior rotation
- supply: dorsal scapular n.
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Define trapezius m.
Superior: attach on the medial part of the skull and spinous processes of cervical vertebrae (via the nucal ligament) to the lateral third of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula. Movement: extend the skull and elevate the scapula and superior rotation
Middle: attach at spinous processes of inferior ceviacl and superior thoracici vertebra to the spione of the scapula. Movement: retract scapula
Inferior: attach at spinous processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebra to the medial part of the spine of teh scapula. Movement: depress scapula and act in superior rotation
- Motor supply to the trap is: spinal accessory n. (CN XI)
- Sensory supply: anterior rami of C3 and C4
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Define latissimus dorsi m.
- attach: medially and inferiorly via lumbar aponerosis (this attaches at spin process T7-S5 and the iliac crest) and ends laterally and superiorly tothe humerus at the intertubercular groove
- Movments: powerful adductor, extends, medially rotates (wiping ass)
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Name the anterior axioappendicular mm. (5)
- serratus anterior m.
- subclavius m.
- pectoralis minor m.
- pectoralis major m.
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Define serratus anterior m.
- attach: attaches at lateral aspects of 1st to 8th rib and to the medial border of the scapula
- movement: depreses, protracts and superiorly rotates (it also holds the scapula agains the rib cage- if not winged scapula)
- supply: long thoracic n.
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Define subclavius m.
- attach: middle third of clavicle to 1st rib and 1st costal cartilage
- movement: anchors and depresses clavicle
- supply: by n. to subclavius
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Define Pectoralis minor m.
- attach: coracoid process to the rib 3,4,5
- movement: protracts and depress scapula (helps stabilize the scapula by holdind tight against thoracic wall
- supply: medial pectoral n.
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Define pectoralis major m.
- attach: clavicular head runs fromt eh medial half of clavicle to the intertubercular groove
- sternal head runs from sternum to costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
- abdominal part runs from aponeurosis of the external oblique m. to the intertubercular groove
- movement: adducts and medially rotates
- supply: lateral and medial pectoral nn.
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Define deltopectoral triangle or groove
gap b/w the pectoralis major and the deltoid m., clinically imp. b/c a large superficial vein and the cepahlic v. are found here
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Define subacromial bursa
large sac overlying the superior aspect of the articular capsule and separating from the deltoid m. and the tendon of the supraspinatus m. (inflam of this area= bursitsi)
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Define subscapular bursa
lies b/w the tendon of the subscapularis m. and the base of the coracoid process- it is ext. of the articular capsule
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