Dysarthria (general) and Apraxia of speech

• can exist without clinically apparent impairments in the speech muscles for volitional production of speech
• -disturbance in higher level planning and programming
• -can be comorbid with broca's

• AOS can exist independent of problems with reading and verbal comprehension and writing as well as spoken errors unrelated to artic and prosody.
• -AOS has more predictable errors
• -more initial sound errors
• -stress and intonation are off
• -more groping
• -worse SMRs than AMRs
• -the person can RECOGNIZE when they have made an error
• - more distortions and non english phonemes

• is the goal or destination
• -movements goals of the articulators

• how you are going to get to your goal or destination
• -selects, sequences, activates and controls preprogrammed sequences of movements. Includes left posterior frontal lobe, insula and basal ganglia as well as parietal lobe
• -specifies which muscles

• Tumours, trauma=most commonly vascular
• less common=toxic or metabolic, infection

• surprised by errors
• talk more slowly
• know what they want to say but cant say it

• chewing, swallowing, or drooling
• no difficulties with comprehension
• Caveat: high comorbidity with aphasia
• normal gag

• oral sensory deficits
• limb apraxia

• -conversation and reading difficulties in intelligibility
• -complex multisyllabic word and sentence repetition
• -SMRs- as fast and as steady as they can

• AMRs
• isolated sounds or single words
• -when do we see irregularities

• groping or trial and error movements
• -dysprosody
• -difficulties initiating utterances
• -articulatory inconsistencies

• AOS has more substitutions, more additions, more groping and less consistency(can have segments of error free speech)
• -Normal CN exam= the movement is POSSIBLE they are just not happening

• occurs in early child hood.  Origin is often unknown but can be from CP. Could be caused by trauma, infection etc
• Hallmarks: Speech sound production and prosody errors

a disruption in speech timing, not a language component. Disruption in feedback system

not motor planning but is rooted in language and the impaired ability to develop and use phonetic/ phono heirarchy

a moto deficit would affect the child's ability to learn language

• normal receptive lang skills
• clumsy or awkward
• difficulty in performing volitional oral movements
• messy eaters

• -difficulty sequencing sounds or syllables correctly
• -groping
• -silent posturing
• -incorrect use of prosody
• -hypernasality
• -novel utterances more difficult to produce

• feeding history
• artic and phono
• motor functioning
• intelligibility
• social behaviour
• fine motor
• cognitive development

few functional words, songs, repitition, AACs

Caused by damage to the CNS and or PNS, characterized by paralysis, weakness and or incoordination of the muscles during movement

• age of onset
• etiology
• natural course
• site of lesion
• speech components
• perceptual characteristics
• severity