MSD: Neurology of Speech

The selection, sequencing and regulation of sensorimotor "programs" that activate speech muscles.

the neuro and neuromuscular transmission and subsequent muscle contractions and movements of speech structures

a group of neurologic speech disorders that reflect abnormalities in strength speed range steadiness tone or accuracy of movements. The brain gives the right program but the muscles and structures can not do it.  Feedback could also be a problem

neurologic speech disorder that reflects an impaired capacity to plan or program sensori motor commands. A temporal relationship disorder

speech disorders resulting from neurologic impairments affecting the programming planning control or execution of speech

• 1. age at onset
• 2.course: chronic, congenital, stationary?
• 3.site of lesion
• 4. Neurologic diagnosis: degenerative, inflammatory
• 5. pathophysiology: the pattern of deficits

• 1. speech components involved
• 2. Severity
• 3. perceptual characteristics

• 1. they are very common
• 2. May signal onset of neurological disease
• 3. can be managed
• 4. gives us insight into neurology of normal speech

• 1. Tells us where the breakdown could be in the nervous system
• 2. may help us localize a lesion
• 3.leads to better management or treatment plan
• 4. functionally what is happening + what we know about the nervous system= how we devise a treatment plan

Hypothalamus, parts of limbic system, RF, it is our internal regulation system

Makes CSF, cushions the CNS, provides nutrients

life blood of the nervous system

Include the RF, and its ascending projections, thalamus, cerebral cortex, and all other lobes. It is crucial for wakefulness, attention and awareness of environment

• Focal: a single area
• Multifocal: more than one area
• Diffuse: involving roughly symmetric areas of the nervous system bilaterally

• 1. acute: within minutes
• 2. Subacute: within days
• 3. chronic: within months

• 1. Transient: symptoms resolve completely
• 2. Improving: severity reduced symptoms still present
• 3. progressive: symptoms continue to progress or new ones appear
• 4. Exacerbating/remitting: symptoms develop, resolve and then come back worse
• 5.Stationary(chronic): symptoms remain unchanged

a gradual decline in neuronal function. Is of unknown cause. most often chronic, progressive and diffuse

inflammatory response to a toxin or immunologic response. Usually subacute. many are progressive and diffuse

deficiencies in the body. diffuse and can be acute, subacute or chorinc

tumors

onset acute and diffuse

sudden onset focal