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What are the branches of Anthropology?
- Cultural
- Linguistic
- Archaeology
- Physical
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What is cultural anthropology?
study of patterns of belief and behavior within cultures
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What are ethnographies?
descriptive studies of human societies - traditionally non-Western cultures
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What is linguistic anthropology?
study of human speech and language
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What is archaeology?
study of earlier cultures through artifacts
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What are artifacts?
objects or materials made or modified for use by hominins, usually tools made of stone or bone
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What is physical anthropology?
study of humans, both holistic (study of everything about society), and comparative (modern and historic)
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What is biological anthropology?
scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral characteristics of human beings and our closest relatives, the non-human primates, and their ancestors
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What (and when) did Charles Darwin write/publish?
Origin of the Species, 1850
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What is primate paleontology?
study of fossil primates, especially those that lived prior to the appearance of hominins
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What is paleoanthropology?
inter-disciplinary approach to study of earlier hominins
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What is applied anthropology?
practical application of anthropological and archaeological theories and techniques; outside the academic setting
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What is ossteology
study of skeletal material
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What is DNA?
double-stranded molecule that contains genetic code; main component of chromosomes
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What are nutritional anthropologists?
they study the relationships between dietary components, cultural practices, physiology, aspects of health and disease
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What are molecular anthropologists?
those that investigate evolutionary relationships between humans and non-human primates
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What is bioarchaeology?
study of skeletons (from archaeological sites)
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What is paleopathology
a branch of osteology that studies evidence of disease or injury
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What is forensic anthropology?
applied anthropological approach dealing with legal matters; work with coroners and others to identify and analyze human remains
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What is primatology?
study of biology and behavior of non-human primates
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What are some non-human primates?
lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes
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What is the scientific method?
- a system of inquiry that develops a hypothesis based upon observation
- experimentation to collect data
- testing of the data to support or reject hypothesis
- further testing with new technology or data
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define relativistic
viewing entities as they relate to something else; cultures have merit within their own historical and environmental contexts
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What are kinship networks?
- biological (blood, family lines)
- marriage ties
- fictive kin = adoptive
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What is culture?
the ways of doing and acting that are passed down through the generations, not by genetics, but via LEARNED BEHAVIOR
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We understand the evolutionary story from...?
a scientific perspective
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What is the 4 Field Approach?
- Linguistic
- Cultural
- Archaeology
- Physical
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What are the branches of Physical Anthropology?
- Paleoanthropology
- Anthropometry
- Molecular genetics
- Primatology
- Osteology
- Paleopathology
- Forensic Anthropology
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Scientific Method is a process of understanding things through _______________, _________________, and _______________.
- observation
- generalization
- verification
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What does empirical mean?
observable
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The world is __________________ and _________________.
- perceptions are based upon testing theories
- tests with controlled observations
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What is a theory?
- explanation framework
- set of assumptions derived from observation
- hypothesis that has been tested and accepted as more accurate than competing explanations
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What is deductive reasoning?
hypothesis first, then tested (with new observations)
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What is inductive reasoning?
gather information first, then try to make sense of it
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What is a hypothesis?
tentative assumptions that accounts for relationships between empirical observations
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What is the scientific model?
- a representation of reality devised for the purpose of testing a hypothesis
- a conceptual framework for explaining things
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What is the cornerstone theory for ANTH101?
Natural Selection
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Why does one need to understand variety and diversity within the human experience?
Because it helps avoid ethnocentrism.
ethnocentric = judging other societies or groups based upon one's own culture/society/experience.
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What is Molecular Genetics?
- study of the human genotype
- chromosomes
- DNA comparison (sequences, differences/similarities, comparitive data for patterns, political reasons)
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