Jewish History Quiz

• Patriarch, married to Sarah
• Covenant - make a great nation from his descendants
• Sarah has Isaac in old age

• Patriarch, married to Rebekah
• son of Abraham & Sarah
• Akidah

• Patriarch, son of Isaac & Rebekah
• married to (Leah) and Rachel
• worked for Laban for both wives;
• tricked into marrying Leah first
• had 12 sons = 12 tribes
• aka Israel

• Joseph
• sold into slavery
• ended up in the court of Pharoah

• 1750 - 1400 BCE
• circumcision mark of the covenant
• chosen people
• monotheism

• baby in the basket, raised in the court
• prophet
• "leads" Israel out of slavery in Egypt
• Mt. Sinai - 10 words (Torah)

• poet, musician (oral history)
• Moses' sister
• gift of bringing water out of stone

• brother to Moses
• spokesperson
• facilitated golden calf incident
• first priest

1200 BCE

1200 - 1020 BCE

establishment in Canaan (promised land)

1020 - 928 BCE

golden age of Israel

The United Kingdom, 1020 - 928 BCE

Saul

David

Solomon

• David's son
• king of Israel
• 700 wives, 300 concubines
• caused instability politically & religiously
• built the Temple

• King of Israel
• defeated Goliath
• major bromance with Jonathan
• committed adultery with Bathsheba, murdered her husband

928 - 586 BCE

Solomon's son wasn't too bright and caused the nation to be over-run by Assyrians

10 northern tribes into exile

Joseph & Manasseh = the remnant

586 - 538 BCE

Babylon wants the land bridge

the educated/leaders get exiled to Babylon

• Genesis possibly written during this exile in order to answer:
• 1. Who are we?
• 2. How do we stay different in exile?

550-ish - 530 BCE

• took over Babylon
• Cyrus the Great
• let Israelites return home

536 - 531 BCE

• reclaim the land
• rebuilt Temple (2nd Temple)
• reestablish homeland/city/communities

331 - 140 BCE

• Israel overtaken by Alexander the Great (Macedonian)
• put Seleucids (Greeks) to rule over Israel
• outlawed Judaism
• put Zeus in the Temple

Hasmonean Revolt = Maccabees, Hanukkah story

140 - 63 BCE

63 BCE - 600 CE

• destruction of the 2nd Temple in 70 CE
• response to Jewish revolt (Bar Kochbah)

thought to be a military-type messiah, led a failed revolt resulting in the destruction of the 2nd Temple and Jews being exiled

• North Africa
• Europe
• Persia
• Egypt

Hellenistic Judaism

Rabbinic (or Talmudic) Judaism

• Jewish/Greek philosophical thought
• God = mind of the universe
• lovingkindness = temple sacrifices
• prevalent in Alexandria, Rome, Athens, Croatia
• had heavy influence on Xty

• Study of Torah + observing the Law = temple sacrifices
• rabbis replace priests; interpreters of the Law
• keep the 613 to maintain distinction/difference; purity laws, social cohesion

• Egyptians - 13th century
• Assyrians - 10th century
• Babylonians - 6th century
• Macedonians - 4th century
• Romans - 1st century

• Talmud - commentary on Torah
• consists of the Mishnah (commentary on Torah, 200 BCE - 200 CE) and the Gemara (commentary on the commentary, 400 CE - 500 CE)

Important Jewish sage in the era of the Second Temple, and a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinical Judaism, the Mishnah

Early Xtian Father, 135 CE

• wrote first statement against the Jews
• that Jews should be punished for rejecting XP
• they cannot be the chosen people
• guilty of killing XP

Torah - 5 books of Moses, Pentateuch

Tanakh = Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim (Torah, writings, prophets)

• Early Xtian Father, 334 CE - 407 CE)
• very anti-semitic
• no Xtian should attend synagogue or go near a Jew
• made statements against Jewish practice as a perversion
• Jews are XP killers, demonic, orgies in the synagogues

• 483 - 565 CE
• Byzantium Justinian Law
• Jews are not full members of society
• Cannot own property, 
• practice law or hold public office,
• testify in court,
• read Torah publicly.
• It is OK to kill a Jew if they deny the resurrection of XP

A Jew could not be a member of a trade guild.

• Jews were greatly restricted in vocation - basically could only be bankers or tax collectors.
• Sometimes they were physicians or historians as well.

in preparation of arriving in the Holy Land, crusaders would practice on Jewish villages on the way, killing Jews

Jews were accused of stealing communion wafers from churches; common belief was that Jews stole into churches to stab wavers with knives (symbolic of killing XP repeatedly)

Xtians believed that Jews killed XP, therefore were accused of kidnapping, torturing and killing boys and using their blood to make their matzah.

• ML wrote two treatise concerning the Jews:
• 1. he felt that they should be respected and welcomed into Protestantism (1523)
• 2. when they weren't converting due to the reformation, he got discouraged and wrote "The Jews and their Lies." 
• 3. Unfortunately, Hitler used this second writing to justify his 'final solution'

• 711 - 1360 CE
• Jews were accepted in Spain under the rule of the Moors - "dhimmi status" protected
• Jews prospered as bankers and tax collectors until Spanish Monarchs converted to Xty in 1370s

• The name for a Jewish person who converted (forced) to Xty in Spain under the Xtian monarchy
• marrano - derogatory term for converso

• c. 1440s
• a concern about blood cleansing, blood purity (or rather not having Jewish blood)

a result of questioning whether or not conversos actually converted or just did it to survive (and were secretly still Jewish)

1480s - 1490s

• Questioning (through torture) those of Jewish descent (and others) about their conversion and religious beliefs
• restricted conversos and those in mixed families

• 1492
• Jews exiled from Spain
• emigrated from Spain to Amsterdam where they became bankers and merchants
• some emigrated from Amsterdam to New Amsterdam (New York)

• Egypt
• Assyrian Empire
• Babylonia
• Macedonia
• Rome

• Joseph (young son sold to slavery --> Pharaoh's court
• the Exodus (slaves --> delivered by God)
• David (simple shepherd --> king)
• The Jews always being expelled from European communities

• Byzantium Justinian Law Code
• restriction from merchant guilds
• accused of horrific lies (such as killing children)
• accused of killing XP b/c of their denial of Jesus being a/the messiah

they are chosen people according to covenant despite being the underdogthey were given the 'promised land' of milk & honey