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Who was Abraham and who was he married to?
- Patriarch, married to Sarah
- Covenant - make a great nation from his descendants
- Sarah has Isaac in old age
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Who was Isaac and who was he married to?
- Patriarch, married to Rebekah
- son of Abraham & Sarah
- Akidah
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Who was Jacob and who was he married to?
- Patriarch, son of Isaac & Rebekah
- married to (Leah) and Rachel
- worked for Laban for both wives;
- tricked into marrying Leah first
- had 12 sons = 12 tribes
- aka Israel
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Who was the 11th son?
What happened to him?
- Joseph
- sold into slavery
- ended up in the court of Pharoah
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When is the age of the Patriarchs?
What was established?
- 1750 - 1400 BCE
- circumcision mark of the covenant
- chosen people
- monotheism
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Who was Moses?
- baby in the basket, raised in the court
- prophet
- "leads" Israel out of slavery in Egypt
- Mt. Sinai - 10 words (Torah)
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Who was Miriam?
- poet, musician (oral history)
- Moses' sister
- gift of bringing water out of stone
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Who was Aaron?
- brother to Moses
- spokesperson
- facilitated golden calf incident
- first priest
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What is the date of the Exodus?
1200 BCE
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When was the Conquest and Settlement?
What was it?
1200 - 1020 BCE
establishment in Canaan (promised land)
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What is the date of the UNITED KINGDOM?
What was it?
1020 - 928 BCE
golden age of Israel
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When was the golden age of the Israelites?
The United Kingdom, 1020 - 928 BCE
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Who were the kings in the United Kingdom?
Saul
David
Solomon
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Who is Solomon?
- David's son
- king of Israel
- 700 wives, 300 concubines
- caused instability politically & religiously
- built the Temple
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Who was David?
- King of Israel
- defeated Goliath
- major bromance with Jonathan
- committed adultery with Bathsheba, murdered her husband
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When was the Divided Kingdom?
Why is it significant?
928 - 586 BCE
Solomon's son wasn't too bright and caused the nation to be over-run by Assyrians
10 northern tribes into exile
Joseph & Manasseh = the remnant
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When was the Babylonian Exile?
Why is it significant?
586 - 538 BCE
Babylon wants the land bridge
the educated/leaders get exiled to Babylon
- Genesis possibly written during this exile in order to answer:
- 1. Who are we?
- 2. How do we stay different in exile?
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When was the Syrian Empire and who was in charge?
550-ish - 530 BCE
- took over Babylon
- Cyrus the Great
- let Israelites return home
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When was the Restoration Community?
What was significant about it?
536 - 531 BCE
- reclaim the land
- rebuilt Temple (2nd Temple)
- reestablish homeland/city/communities
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When were the Ptolemies & Seleucids?
Why are they significant?
331 - 140 BCE
- Israel overtaken by Alexander the Great (Macedonian)
- put Seleucids (Greeks) to rule over Israel
- outlawed Judaism
- put Zeus in the Temple
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What was the only successful Jewish revolt?
Hasmonean Revolt = Maccabees, Hanukkah story
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When was the Hasmonean Rule?
140 - 63 BCE
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When was the Roman Rule?
What was significant about it?
63 BCE - 600 CE
- destruction of the 2nd Temple in 70 CE
- response to Jewish revolt (Bar Kochbah)
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Who is Bar Kochbah?
thought to be a military-type messiah, led a failed revolt resulting in the destruction of the 2nd Temple and Jews being exiled
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What are the countries of the Diaspora after the destruction of the Temple?
- North Africa
- Europe
- Persia
- Egypt
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What are the two types of post-Exilic Judaism?
Hellenistic Judaism
Rabbinic (or Talmudic) Judaism
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Describe Hellenistic Judaism
- Jewish/Greek philosophical thought
- God = mind of the universe
- lovingkindness = temple sacrifices
- prevalent in Alexandria, Rome, Athens, Croatia
- had heavy influence on Xty
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Describe Rabbinic Judaism
- Study of Torah + observing the Law = temple sacrifices
- rabbis replace priests; interpreters of the Law
- keep the 613 to maintain distinction/difference; purity laws, social cohesion
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What is the order of Empires overtaking Israel?
- Egyptians - 13th century
- Assyrians - 10th century
- Babylonians - 6th century
- Macedonians - 4th century
- Romans - 1st century
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What is the Talmud?
What are its two parts?
- Talmud - commentary on Torah
- consists of the Mishnah (commentary on Torah, 200 BCE - 200 CE) and the Gemara (commentary on the commentary, 400 CE - 500 CE)
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Who is Yohanan ben Zakkai?
Important Jewish sage in the era of the Second Temple, and a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinical Judaism, the Mishnah
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Who is Justin Martyr?
Why is he significant?
Early Xtian Father, 135 CE
- wrote first statement against the Jews
- that Jews should be punished for rejecting XP
- they cannot be the chosen people
- guilty of killing XP
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What is the Torah?
What is the Tanakh?
Torah - 5 books of Moses, Pentateuch
Tanakh = Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim (Torah, writings, prophets)
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Who is John Chrysostom?
Why is he significant?
- Early Xtian Father, 334 CE - 407 CE)
- very anti-semitic
- no Xtian should attend synagogue or go near a Jew
- made statements against Jewish practice as a perversion
- Jews are XP killers, demonic, orgies in the synagogues
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When and what were the legal codes that spread across Europe concerning Jews?
- 483 - 565 CE
- Byzantium Justinian Law
- Jews are not full members of society
- Cannot own property,
- practice law or hold public office,
- testify in court,
- read Torah publicly.
- It is OK to kill a Jew if they deny the resurrection of XP
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What was the later addition(s) to the legal codes?
Why is this significant?
A Jew could not be a member of a trade guild.
- Jews were greatly restricted in vocation - basically could only be bankers or tax collectors.
- Sometimes they were physicians or historians as well.
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Why are the Crusades significant to Jewish history?
in preparation of arriving in the Holy Land, crusaders would practice on Jewish villages on the way, killing Jews
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What is Host Desecration?
Jews were accused of stealing communion wafers from churches; common belief was that Jews stole into churches to stab wavers with knives (symbolic of killing XP repeatedly)
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What is Blood Libel?
Xtians believed that Jews killed XP, therefore were accused of kidnapping, torturing and killing boys and using their blood to make their matzah.
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Why is Martin Luther significant to Jewish history?
- ML wrote two treatise concerning the Jews:
- 1. he felt that they should be respected and welcomed into Protestantism (1523)
- 2. when they weren't converting due to the reformation, he got discouraged and wrote "The Jews and their Lies."
- 3. Unfortunately, Hitler used this second writing to justify his 'final solution'
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When is the Spanish Golden Age?
Why is it significant?
- 711 - 1360 CE
- Jews were accepted in Spain under the rule of the Moors - "dhimmi status" protected
- Jews prospered as bankers and tax collectors until Spanish Monarchs converted to Xty in 1370s
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What is a converso (marrano)?
- The name for a Jewish person who converted (forced) to Xty in Spain under the Xtian monarchy
- marrano - derogatory term for converso
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When and what is Limpieza de Sangre?
- c. 1440s
- a concern about blood cleansing, blood purity (or rather not having Jewish blood)
a result of questioning whether or not conversos actually converted or just did it to survive (and were secretly still Jewish)
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When and what is the Spanish Inquisition?
1480s - 1490s
- Questioning (through torture) those of Jewish descent (and others) about their conversion and religious beliefs
- restricted conversos and those in mixed families
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What and when was the Spanish Exile?
- 1492
- Jews exiled from Spain
- emigrated from Spain to Amsterdam where they became bankers and merchants
- some emigrated from Amsterdam to New Amsterdam (New York)
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Identify four key persons/events in regards to EXILE AND DIASPORA
- Egypt
- Assyrian Empire
- Babylonia
- Macedonia
- Rome
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Identify four key people/events in regards to the theme of UNDERDOG
- Joseph (young son sold to slavery --> Pharaoh's court
- the Exodus (slaves --> delivered by God)
- David (simple shepherd --> king)
- The Jews always being expelled from European communities
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Identify four key people/events in regards to the theme of anti-semitism
- Byzantium Justinian Law Code
- restriction from merchant guilds
- accused of horrific lies (such as killing children)
- accused of killing XP b/c of their denial of Jesus being a/the messiah
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Identify four key people/events in regards to the theme of CHOSEN
they are chosen people according to covenant despite being the underdogthey were given the 'promised land' of milk & honey
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