Pharm Mod 3 CNS part 2

Phenytoin (Dilantin), Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) are _______ channel inhibitors. Which one is a prodrug and which one is active?

Phenytoin (Dilantin) &  Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx), Na+ channel inhibitors, are hepatically metabolized by and inducers of ____________________.

Phenytoin uses ________ kinetics, where ________ amount of drug eliminated per unit of time and the rate of drug elimination is  _______ drug concentration.

What does a small increase in the dose of Phenytoin mean?

TI of Phenytoin including free and protein-bound.

TI of free Phenytoin.

Make sure to watch total levels and _______ and also  _______ with Phenytoin.

Boxed warning (IV only) of Phenytoin.

The anticonvulsant drug, ____________  can be administered faster.

SE of Phenytoin.

Carbamazapine is an autoinducer & potent inducer of  ________.

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) exhibits _________ kinetics; Phenytoin exhibits ______ kinetics.

Boxed warnings for Carbamazepine (Tegretol).

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is associated with what AE?

TI for Carbamazepine (Tegretol).

_________ has a similar MOA as Phenytoin, but is less protein bound and has less DIs.

Why is it important to slowly titrate Lamotrigine (Lamictal).

NA+ channel inhibitor assoc with blood dyscrasias such as neutropenia & thrombocytopenia.

First order kinetics mean a constant ________ of the drug is elminated per unit of time and that the rate of drug elimination is __________  drug concentration.

First order kinetics mean a constant ________ of the drug is elminated per unit of time and that the rate of drug elimination is __________  drug concentration.

Lacosamide (Vimpat) should be used with caution with what type of pt?

How is Gabapentin eliminated?

Common AE of Gabapentin.

_________  and ________ are anticonvulsants but not very effective for seizures.

_________ is more potent than Gabapentin.

AE of Pregabalin (Lyrica)

The only K+ channel inhibior available.

Boxed warning for Ezogabine (Potiga).

Which anticonvulsant can cause urinary retention, neuropsychiatric events, &  QT prolongation?

Common AE of all anticonvulsants.

How is Ezogabine (Potiga) metabolized?

Boxed warning: permanent vision loss (anticonvulsant).

Stimulation of D1 receptors is ________; stimulation of D2 receptors is _________.

Dopamine stimulates the ________ pathway, enabling moment; and will inhibit the ________ pathway.

Levadopa is converted to dopamine in the CNS, but also in the __________ which can cause _________.

Why is carbidopa administered with Levodopa?

Sinemet most effective for Parkinsons, but what is the downfall?

AE of Dopamine receptor agonists

Selegiline (Eldepryl) and rasagiline (Azilect) are __________ inhibitors.

Tolcapone (Tasmar) and entacapone (Comtan)  are __________ inhibitors. Which one works peripherally only?

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and  benztropine (Cogentin) can reduce _________ by antagonizing the _________ receptors.

Most atypical antipsychotics are more effective at treating negative symptoms, but _________ is more effective than haloperidol at treating positive symptoms.

Lower potency typical antipsychotics have more _______ effects than D2-related effects.

___________ of dopamine improves negative symptoms.

_________ of dopamine improves positive symptoms.

Side effects from blocking D2 (higher potency especially): will increase _______ symptoms and will cause ________.

40% D2 saturation will cause ______.

60% D2 saturation will improve _______.

80% D2 saturation will cause _______.

Acute EPS.

Chronic EPS.

What can be used to tx akathisia (restlessness)?

What can be used to tx pseudoparkinsonism (rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor)?

What can be used to tx dystonia (muscle stiffness)?

S/S of NMS.

Clozapine and Olanazapine are metabolized by _______, so smoking increases metabolism.

MANY CNS drugs are metabolized by _______.