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β-lactam ADR
- PCN
- ● Hypersensitivity
- ● Drug-induced hemolytic anemia
- ● Superinfections
- ● Convulsions
- → High doses, renal failure, epileptic patients
- Cephalosporin
- ● Thrombophlebitis
- ● Renal toxicity
- ● Hypothrombinemia
- Carbapenems
- ● Seizures
- → CNS disease, renal insufficiency
-
Vancomycin ADR
- ● Ototoxicity
- ● Nephrotoxicity
- ● “Red man” or “red neck” syndrome
-
Aminoglycoside ADR
- ● Ototoxicity
- ● Nephrotoxicity
-
Tetracycline ADR
- ● GI
- ● Photosensitivity
- ● Hepatic toxicity
- ● Renal toxicity
- ● Teeth and/or bones
- ● Allergy
- ● Skin
- ● Cross-sensitization
- ● Thrombophlebitis
- ● Minocycline: vestibular toxicity, ataxia
- ● Long term use: leukocytosis, toxic granulation of granulocytes, and thrombocytopenic purpura
-
Nitrofurantoin ADR
- ● Anorexia
- ● N/V
- ● Rash/allergy
- ● Neuropathies and hemolytic anemia occur in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
-
Rifampicin ADR
- ● Red-orange color to urine, sweat, tears, conacts
- ● Rash
- ● Thrombocytopenia
- ● Nephritis
- ● Cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis
- ● Flu-like syndrome (fever, chills, anemia)
- ● P450 inducer (increased elimination of cyclosporine, contraceptives, anticoagulants)
-
Streptomycin ADR
- ● Ototoxic
- → CI: pregnancy
- ● Nephrotoxic
- ● Vertigo, hearing loss (permanent)
- ● Adjust in renal insufficiency
- ● Toxicity (age- elderly, use for <6 months)
-
Cycloserine ADR
- ● Peripheral neuropathy
- ● CNS dysfunction (depression & psychotic reaction)
- → CI: epileptic pts
-
Isoniazid ADR
- ● Peripheral neuropathy
- ● Liver toxicity
- ● Optic neuritis
- ● Allergy
- ● GI upset
- ● Hemolytic anemia
- ● P450 inhibitor (phenytoin toxicity)
- ● CNS toxicity (memory loss, psychosis)
-
Ethambutol ADR
- ● Retrobulbar (optic) neuritis (loss of visual acuity and red-green color blindness)
- → CI: children (cannot assess visual acuity)
- ● GI upset
- ● Hyperuricemia
- ● Accumulates in renal failure (½ dose if CrCl < 10)
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