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leaves serrated b/w lobes
- Acer rubrum (red)Aceraceae or Sapindaceae; red maple, soft maple
- *Fruit: samara (helicopter) mature in spring
- Leaves opposite, palmate, lobed, serrated
- grows anywhere
- songbirds, porcupines, foxes eat fruit early; deer browse foliage
- good paper tree
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- Aesculus sylvatica (of the forest)
- Hippocastanaceae or Sapindaceae; painted buckeye
- *Fruit: capsule (leathery brown, used for eyes in taxidermy)
- Leaves: palmately compound opposite - 5 leaflets
- soft wood; poisonous leaves, flowers, seeds, honey
- squirrel food
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- Aralia spinosa (spiny)
- Araliaceae (Ginseng Family); devil's walking stick, Hercules' club
- small tree; forms colonies from root sprouts
- leaves: bi- or tri-pinnately compound, crenate margin
- covered in prickles (hairs, NOT thorns)
- fruit: purple drupe (poisonous)
- young leaves formerly boiled/eaten like spinach
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- Diospyros virginiana (of Virginia)
- Ebenaceae (Ebony family); persimmon, simmon
- *Fruit: 1.5" yellow/green/brown edible
- single stem small tree
- dark cobblestone bark
- favored by opossum, raccoon, fox, deer
- very hard wood (old golf club heads)
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- Lespedeza bicolor (2-color flower)
- Fabaceae or Leguminoseae; lespedeza, bush clover
- small shrub, 3 leaflets, entire margin
- Fruit: Legume (small pod)
- Planted for quail food, deer browse foliage
- native to Japan, favored by burning
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- Oxydendrum arboreum (tree-like)
- Ericaceae (Heath Family); sourwood, lily-of-the-valley-tree
- *Fruit: capsule, lasts into winter
- often leaning/curved trunk - wood good for tool handles/sled runners
- leaves: alternate, simple, serrulate, sour taste
- bee tree: good for bees/honey
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- Pinus rigida (rigid)
- Pinaceae; pitch pine
- *Short squat cone
- 3 needles per fascilce, 4-6"
- similar to, but much rarer than loblolly
- epicormic branches (tufts on trunk)
- papery bark
- prefers dry sites
- seeds eaten by songbirds, gamebirds, chipmunks, squirrels
- formerly used in New England for tar
- not native to Wake Co (grafted)
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- Pinus taeda (torch wood)
- Pinaceae; loblolly pine
- *Cones 2x long as wide, prickly
- 3 needles per fascilce, 4-6" straight/slight twist
- grows tall/straight, self-pruning branches
- chunky/flaky bark, chocolaty underneath
- good for paper, lumber, plywood (must be treated)
- Sold as southern pine, yellow pine, southern yellow pine
- seeds eaten by songbirds, game birds, squirrels, chipmunks
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- Pinus virginiana
- Pinaceae; Virginia pine, scrub pine
- 2 needles per fascile, 2-3" needles
- *Cone: small, prickly, flat scales with purple strip on top of scale
- low grade lumber
- reddish, scaly, papery bark; retains dead branches
- planted in Piedmont for X-mas trees
- seeds eaten by songbirds, game birds, squirrels, and chipmunks (same as loblolly)
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- Prunus serotina (late)
- Rosaceae (rose family); black cherry, wild black cherry, cherry
- fruit: dark purple drupe
- typically small in south with smooth silver bark w/ horizontal lines (lenticels)
- extremely valuable lumber (highest quality from PA, NY, WV)
- food for grouse, songbirds, black bear. leaves poisonous to livestock
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- Quercus Alba (white)
- Fagaceae (Beech); white oak
- range: FL-Canada
- rounded lobes, terminal bud clusters, glabrous (no hair) leaves
- *Fruit: 1"acorn w/ bumpy cap matures in 1 yr
- maybe most valuable wildlife food plant: wood duck, grouse, quail, turkey, woodpeckers, black bear, raccoon, squirrel, chipmunk, deer (deer also eat foliage)
- Valuable lumber for floors, furniture, cabinets, molding, tight cooperage, shingles, posts, charcoal, firewood
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- Quercus falcata ("sickle-shaped" curve in some leaves)
- Fagaceae; southern red oak, Spanish oak
- young leaves look like duck feet, leaves red pubescent underneath
- *Fruit: 1/4' acorn, flat, smooth scaled cap
- lower wildlife value than white oak, slack cooperage only
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- Quercus stellata ("starred" hairs on leaf underside)
- Fagaceae; post oak
- a "white" oak w/ blocky lobed leaves - cross shaped
- leaves pubescent underneath
- lower lumber value than white oak
- good wildlife value
- good for posts b/c closed pores
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- Rhus copallinaAnacardiaceae (cashew); winged sumac, shining sumac
- found in disturbed areas, forest edges, roadsides
- winged rachis, 9-17 leaflets, red in fall
- fruit: red drupe, dioecious, eaten by grouse, turkey, robins, rabbits, mostly in winter
- deer browse foliage
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- Toxicodendron radicans (rooting)
- Anacardiaceae (cashew); poison ivy
- leaf sometimes lobed; brown, hairy terminal bud
- fruit: yellow/green drupe
- songbird food in winter
- all parts contain oil except pollen
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- Viburnum rufidulum ("reddish" hairs on leaf undersides)
- Adoxaceae or Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle); rusty blackhaw
- leaves opposite, round; rusty hairs on underside veins
- fruit: blue drupe in fall
- songbirds eat fruit in winter
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- Pinus contorta ("twisted" tree form along pacific coast)
- Pinaceae; lodgepole pine
- *Cone: short, squat, sometimes black inside
- related/similar to Virginia Pine
- 3rd most abundant tree out west
- major pioneer species after fire
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