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Kurt Lewin's formula for behavior
Developmental trends in psychometric intelligence: B= f(P,E)
- B= behavior
- P= person
- E= environment
Objective aspects of environment as well as personal choice are important
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Competence
- the theoretical upper limit of a person's capacity to function; ability to accomplish something
- --> physical health, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength
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Environmental press
environments can be classified on the basis of the varying demands they place on the person called this
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Adaptation level
where behavior and affect are normal
Competence and environmental press are at a helathy mix; you can function appropriately and the environment isn't putting much strain on you
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Zone of maximum performance potential
If someone isn't meeting the potential but has the ability to, slight increases in press improve their performance. AKA: you push them to meet the potential
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Zone of Maximum comfort
if you push too hard
slight decreases creates this
live happily without societal demands
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Too many demands on __ and too few demands on __= __
low competence
high competence
poor fit
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Kahana's preventative and corrective proactivity model (PCP)
explains how life stressors and lack of good congruence in person-environment interactions results in poor life outcomes
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Two types of proactive adaptations (PCP model)
preventative adaptations
corrective adaptations
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preventative
actions that avoid stressors and increase or build social resources
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corrective adaptations
actions taken in response to stressors and can be facilitated by internal and external resources
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Older adults engage more in __.
coorective adaptations
They have a mentality of "I used to be able to do this" and so attempt to do it as usual until something goes wrong
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In order for you to live a good life accoding to the PCP model, ?
you're constantly going between preventative and corrective
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Evaluating one's situation and surroundings for potential threat value allows three discernments. What are they?
- harmful
- beneficial
- irrelevant
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everyday competence
If you can't perform tasks,...
a person's potential ability to perform a wide range of activities considered essential for independent living
mortality is close
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ecology of aging
- environmental psych;
- seeks to understand the dynamic relations between older adults and the environments they inhabit
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Agining in place
balancing environmental press and competence through selection and compensation
- Importatn for self-esteem
- strong emotional ties to home--can be traumatic
- sense of belonging is key
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How does a place become a home?
self-indentity
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Deciding on the best option
does the individual have significant cognitive or physical impairment requiring intervention
the individual needs to be part of the decision making
get a physician's diagnsotic evaluation
open, honest communication
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home modifications
hellping people deal with tasks of daily living by modifiying the enviroment
some are minor; others are expensive
all about "fit"
emergiing ADU dwellings, such as granny pods
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Adult day care
designed to provide support, companionship , and certain services during the day
God is to delay plaement of more formal care setting
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Three types of adult day care
social services, meals, recreation, and minor health care
more intensive health care, therapy, for serious medical problems
Specialized care for dementia or developmental disabilities
Profit < non-profit
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Congregate housing
apartment complex for olde adults (shared meals/ affordable)
differs from assisted living in levels of service
least expensive--cost subsidized
residents must be capable of independent living and not require continual med care, kow were they are and oriented to time, no evidence of disruptive behavior, able to make independent decisions, be able to follow specific service plans
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Assisted living
a supportive living arrangment for people who need assistance with personal care but are not physically or mentally impaired to requrie 24-hour care
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Assisted living has three essential atttributes
- as much like a single family house as possible
- emphasizes personal control, choice, dignity,and autonomy
- should meet routine services and special neesd
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What are some other characteristics of assisted living
1) utilize checklist to ensure the selected facility meets the specific requirements of the individual
- 2) Costs average about 35K a year
- 3) Not offset by Medicare
- 4) medicaid may subsuize if individual's finalce situation melts
- Government assistance expexted to be limited to the future
- independed apartments of similar units
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Who is likely to live in a nursing home
over age eighty five
female
recently admitted to hospital
lives in retirement housing rather than being a homowner
WIdowed or divorcedĀ
Has no kids or siblings nearby
Has some cognitive impairment
Has one or more problems with IADL
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The average resident has significant __ and __ problems.
Reasons for going into a nursing home
mental and physical
- 80%= mental or physical probleĀ
- 1/3= mobility, eating, incontinence
- 30-50% for clinical depression
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The competence-environmental press model for nursing homes
goal is to find the optimal level of environment support for people of low levels of competence
Quality of Life, Quality of Care, Safety, Other
Person centered
Perceived level of personal control
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special care unit
must have the right level of environmental support to provide additional care when the person's competence level continues to decline
memory aids shoud be built into the unit
special care for severely cognitively impaired residents
staff with specific training-- research based staff training
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How not to communicate with nursing home residents
patronizing speech
infantilization or elderspeach
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Patronizing speech
based on stereotypes of incompetence and dependence
slower, exaggerted intonation, higher pitch, increased volume, etc
secondary baby talk
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infantilization or elderspeak
inappropriate use of first names
terms of endearment--honey/ sweetie
assumption of greater impairment than may be the case
cajoling to demand compliance
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What is the relationship between staff and residential satisfaction?
crucial
if the staff are happy, then that means the residents are happy
staff satisfaction leads to resident satisfaction as they have staff care and social interaction etc.
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