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What are the most common organisms causing ascending urinary tract infection in cattle? (2)
E. coli and Corynebacterium renale
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In what conditions does C. renale cause UTI?
alkaline pH urine--> adheres to urinary epithelium by pilli
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Pyelonephritis has ___________ clinical signs.
generalized
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What are clinical signs of cystitis? (6)
dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, pyuria, painful bladder, blood/pus/crystal precipitate on vulva
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What are clinical signs of pyelonephritis? (6)
fever/depression, colic, decreased feed intake, down on milk, renal pain/loss of lobulations, renal enlargement on rectal
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What laboratory changes will occur with urinary tract infection? (9)
[CBC/Chem] Neutrophilia, increased fibrinogen, increased globulins, hypoalbuminemia, azotemia (pyelonephritis), [UA] proteinuria, low SG, culture, leukocyte casts
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What are predisposing factors for UTI? (7)
female, urogenital trauma, abnormal vulvar conformation, bladder catheterization, urine retention, alkaline urine (C. renale), natural service (venereal transmission)
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What antibiotics can you use to treat UTI in cattle, and for how long should treatment last? (4)
procaine penicillin, ampicillin, K-penicillin, ceftiofur; for 3 weeks then reculture
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What is the pathogenesis of enzootic hematuria?
chronic, intermittent hematuria in animals grazing on bracken fern--> hemorrhagic cystitis--> bladder walls thicken with tumors--> blood loss anemia with little to no regenerative response
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What is amyloid?
beta-pleated sheet of insoluble fibrillar protein, which can be produced in overabundance in response to chronic infection or neoplasia
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How can amyloidosis present? (9)
pericarditis, metritis, chronic lung disease, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, diarrhea, renal enlargement, chronic wasting disease
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Describe the pathogenesis of amyloidosis.
liver produces serum amyloid A in response to inflammation--> deposition of SAA on filtration barrier in kidneys--> decrease efficiency of filtration, loss of protein, decreased oncotic pressure--> edema
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Describe the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.
[immune-mediated] Ag-Ab complex deposition in glomerular basement membrane--> protein losing nephropathy--> albumin loss--> edema
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What are clinical signs of glomerulonephritis? (9)
weight loss, poor productivity, chronic diarrhea, lethargy, generalized edema, enlarged kidney, hypoalbuminemia, mild anemia, proteinuria
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