BIMM 120 CH 4

those that must be supplied from the environment

specific nutrients found in growth medium

only found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

fix C02 and assemble it into organic molecules

use preformed organic molecules from autotrophs

litotrophs

organotrophs

Convert N2 to NH4+

oxidize ammonia to nitrate

convert nitrate to N2

symport and antiport

two molecules travel in the same direction

two molecules travel in opposite directions

found in all three domains of life and use ATP

type of active transport that uses energy to chemically alter the substrate during its transport

uses energy from PEP to attach phosphate to sugars so the sugars cannot leak back out of the cell and is metabolized

• using a special slide with a microscope
• can't tell if cell is living or dead

• cells are stained
• separation by charge

• attachment
• microcolonies
• exopolysaccharide production
• mature biofilm
• dissolution and dispersal

uptake and efflux

exponential

maintains logarithmic growth by removing and adding equal amounts of culture media

gram-positive

cyanobacteria

Myxococcus xanthus

streptomyces

gliding motility

arthrospores