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Describe cattle dentition from birth to 2 weeks of age.
4 incisors, 3 pairs of deciduous pre-molars
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What is the dental formula for deciduous teeth in cattle?
2 (0/4 I + 3/3 P)
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What are the eruption dates of permanent incisors in a cow?
- first pair- 18-24 months
- second pair- 24-30 months
- third pair- 36 months
- fourth pair- 42-48 months
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What is the dental formula for permanent teeth in cattle?
2 (0/4 I + 3/3 P + 3/3 M)
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What are the eruption dates for molars in a cow?
- 1st molar- 8 months
- 2nd molar- 18 months
- 3rd molar- 24 months
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What are clinical signs of disorders of the oral cavity and head? (10)
respiratory embarrassment, CN deficits, asymmetry, ptyalism, significant pain, apprehension/reluctance, nasal d/c, lacrimation, odor, dyspnea
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Describe dyspnea in a cow. (4)
head and neck extended, mouth open, saliva/foam, depression
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Lacrimation accompanies _______________.
inflammation of the head
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What are potential causes of oral/pharyngeal trauma? (3)
coarse feeds, indiscriminate consumption of FB, improper oral medication (baling gun trauma)
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What is the treatment for oropharyngeal trauma? (5)
ensure patency of the airway, NSAIDs, +/- antibiotics,remove FB if present, correct acid-base disturbance if needed
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What is the etiologic agent of lumpy jaw?
Actinomyces bovis- gram + filamentous
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Describe lumpy jaw presentation clinically and the macroscopic pathology of the lesion.
hard, non-painful swelling of the maxilla, mandible, face, or head; granulomatous inflammation with a central lytic core with marked peripheral bone formation
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What are differentials for a hard, non-painful swelling of bone? (4)
lumpy jaw (actinomyces), fractures, tooth root abscesses, neoplasia
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What is the treatment for lumpy jaw? (3)
[usually does NOT respond to txt] surgical debridement, penicillin, sodium iodide
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Describe the clinical presentation of wooden tongue. (4)
swollen, thick, hard tongue that protrudes from mouth, lacrimation, salivation, fever
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What is the etiologic agent of wooden tongue?
Actinobacillus ligneresii- gram - rod
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What is the pathogenesis of wooden tongue?
caseous, thick-walled abscess in tongue
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How do you treat wooden tongue?
[respond well to txt] Penicillin G, sodium iodide 7-10 days
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What do you need to differentiate b/w with ptyalism?
whether is excess saliva production or inability to swallow
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What are causes of excess saliva production? (5)
dental dz, stomatitis, pharyngitis, FB, choke
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What are causes of inability to swallow? (6)
Listeriosis, botulism, rabies, pseudorabies, meningoencephalitis, slaframine
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What is the pathogenesis of necrotic laryngitis?
upper airway trauma, leading to a primary viral infection--> secondary bacterial infection with F. necrophorum [acute lesions are treatable, chronic lesions cause deformed larynx]
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What are causes of obstruction/bloat? (8)
hypocalcemia/botulism/listeriosis (inability to eructate), change feed too rapidly, vagal indigestion, wooden tongue, pharyngitis/laryngitis, migration of bots, FB, tumors
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How do you treat choke/bloat? (2)
tube the animal, push FB into rumen
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What kind of ruminant is megaesophagus most common in?
llamas
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