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how many bases do we have in our human genome
3 billion
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unicellular, prokaryotes; reproduce for mitosis, 1 generation every 20 mins (100 million over night)most numerous life on earth, very diverse, many different types
bacteria
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smaller, circular DNA double helix that carries extra genes (2-30 genes) and can self- replicate.
plasmid
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larger, circular DNA double helix and up to 4,000 genes
chromosome
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combines genes from different sources- even different species
recombinant DNA technology
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enzymes that cut DNA in specific locations
restriction enzymes
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restriction enzymes make staggered cuts along the DNA double helix leaving open......
sticky ends
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a very common restriction enzyme is......because its cuts at this location along a DNA sequence
GAATTC
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A disease in which a person has a high blood sugar (glucose)level due to problems with insulin.
diabetes
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type_ diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin.
type 1
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type_ is when the body/ pancreas does not produce enough insulin for proper function
type 2
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organism that has acquired one of more genes by artificial means
genetically modified organism (GMO's)
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if the gene is from a different specie, we call the GMO....
transgenic
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done by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) the DNA segment is put into test tube separated by heat, free nucleotides are added to make copies.
mass producing
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if you want to compare DNA from different sources, you can use gel electrophoresis - a technique that separates DNA fragments by lengths.
comparing DNA
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obtaining just one drop of blood or hair and extracting the DNA for a..........
DNA fingerprint
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some genes can be turned ___ and____
on and off
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increasing specialization in structure and function of cells during development of a multicellular organism
cell differentiation
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undifferentiated or "blank" cells that have the potential to develop into many different types of cells
stem cells
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as the baby ages, the stem cells have limited cell types they can differentiate into. so most research is aimed towards ...........
embryonic research
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leukemia is the cancer of the......... cells
white blood cells
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the bone marrow can begin to have an....of abnormal....... cells
uncontrolled growth, white blood cells
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who set sail on the HMS The Beagle?
Charles Darwin
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he becomes convinced that species ______ and ______ to their environment
evolve and adapt
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Darwin's observations of many unique species in the________
Galapagos Islands
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in 1858Darwin publishes the famous book......
Origin of Species
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2 main points in Darwin's book are ________ and _______ _________
evolution and natural selection
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preserved remains left by a once-living organism
fossils
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remains of life that shows traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendent group.
transitional fossils
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large scale changes of one kind of animal to another over LONG periods of time
macroevolution
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small scale changes within a kind a kind of animal over short periods of time
microevolution
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over__________ fossils have been found
100 million
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thought to be missing link between lizards and birds
Archaeopteryx
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the achaeopteryx is now believed to be a ____.
bird
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thought to be missing link of fishes and amphibians
Coelacanth
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a coelacanth was caught in 1938. still live in deep water below ___ feet.
500 feet
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the_________ was discovered in Piltdown, England and accepted as a link for 20 years.
Piltdown Man
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the Piltdown Man was discovered to be a____
hoax
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___________- tooth found in Nebraska in 1922, later the tooth was discovered it belonged to a Peccary (pig)
Nebraska Man
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________- thought to be an ape man fossil from just a skull cap, leg bone, and 3 teeth. Now just believed to have been a ______ since to was found buried near human skulls.
Java Man; human
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