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phrenology
Franz Gall: brain anatomy related to behavior, intellect and personality (well developed brain pushes out of skull)
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extirpation
pierre flourens: functions of major sections of brain deciphered by ablation (surgically removed)
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how parts of society contributes to whole
functionalism in sociology
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functionalism in neuropsychology
how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment
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william james
- how the mind functioned in adapting to the environment
- (functionalism contributor)
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john dewey
organism as a whole as it is functioned to adapt to the environment
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paul broca
functional impairments (specific impairments could be lined with specific brain lesions)
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helmholtz
- speed of a nerve impulse
- led to transition of psychology into natural sciences field
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sir charles sherrington
inferred the existence of synapses
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hindbrain
- closest to the spinal cord (most primitive)
- responsible for balance, motor coordination, breathing and digestion (basic functions)
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midbrain
sensorimotor reflexes
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forebrain
complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavior processes (makes humans unique)
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cerebellum
- maintain posture, balance, body movements
- hindbrain
- ballerina
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medulla oblongata
- gotta breathe! hindbrain
- regulates breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure
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pons
- hindbrain
- sleep pon the bed
- relays information and sleep regulator
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superior colliculus and inferior colliculus
- superman has superior vision (receives visual sensory input)
- inferior: receives auditory sensory input
- midbrain
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dicephalon
- thalamus and hypothalamus
- pineal gland posterior pituitary
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thalamus
way station for all the senses but smell (relay station), sorts and transmits impulses
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hypothalamus
- regulation of homeostasis (feeding)
- emotional experience (flighting)
- endocrine function (fucking)
- regulation of autonomic system (fighting)
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arrangement of thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary in brain
thalamus on top of hypothalamus, which is on top of pituitary
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lateral hypothalamus (LH)
- triggers eating and drinking
- damaged (won't eat or drink)
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ventromedial hypothalamus
- satiety center
- damaged keep eating
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anterior hypothalamus
controls sexual behavior
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posterior pituitary
releases ADH and oxytocin
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pineal gland
- biological rhythms (circadian)
- melatonin
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basal ganglia functions
- coordinates muscle movement (relay to CNS, smooth movement, steady posture)
- damaged causes PD, Schizophrenia, and Obessive compulsive disorder
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limbic system
- amygdala (important for emotion and memory)
- hippocampus (important for memory and learning): hippos are like elephants, and elephants never forget
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corpus callosum
connects left and right hemispheres
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cerebral cortex
perceptual, behavioral, and cognitive processes
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ipsilateral
- on different sides
- dominant (left brain) has left side hearing
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contralateral
left brain has right side movement
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electrode stimulus
probe on alert patient on specific brain parts and get function (recalling a memory)
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EEG
patient with brain with electrodes to capture global brain activity (type and origin of seizure)
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telecephalon
basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex
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basal ganglia
consistent communication with each of the follow regions (spinal cord, PNS, cerebral cortex) for posture, balance and coordinate muscle movement
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somatosensory cortex
receives sensory signal by PNS and process how we should respond (touch, pressure)
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motor cortex
- voluntary, response to stimuli, send signal down spinal cord to peripheral nervous system
- more receptors (tongues) more space on cortex
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