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Species

Genus

first to described live microorganisms

Antibiotics

microorganisms are present in the air (no spontaneous generation)

discovered that living things are made of cells

vaccination

Proved that a specific microbe causes a specific diseases

study of bacteria

study of fungus

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

study of immunity

study of viruses

study of an organism's genes

DNA made from two different sources

the study of how microbes inherit traits

the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis

microbes normally present in and on the human body

ability of body to ward off diseases

Microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses

new disease and diseases increasing in incidence

One circular chromosome, not in a membrane
No histones
No organelles
Bacteria: peptidoglycan cell walls
Archaea: pseudomurein cell walls
Binary fission

Paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane Histones
Organelles
Polysaccharide cell walls
Mitotic spindle

Staphyl (Prokaryote Shape)

Coccus (Prokaryote Shape)

Strepto (Prokaryote Shape)

Diplo (Prokaryote Shape)

Vibrio (Prokaryote Shape)

Eukaryote Def.

Prokaryote Def.

Spirillium (Prokaryote Shape)

Bacillus (Prokaryote Shape)

ability of an organism to move by itself

Rotate (clockwise, counterclockwise) to push the cell

Move toward or away from stimul

In spirochetes Anchored at one end of a cell Rotation causes cell to move

Facilitate transfer of DNA from one cell to another, Twitching motility, Gliding motility

The Cell Wall

Cell Wall Def.

short extensions for attachment

Extracellular polysaccharide layer that allows cell to attach

Gram-positive Cell Wall

Gram-negative Cell Wall

Wall-less Gram-positive cell due to Lysozyme digesting disaccharide in peptidoglycan

Partially destroyed Gram-negative cell wall  due to Lysozyme digesting disaccharide in peptidoglycan

wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes

Passive movement of H20 across a selectively permeable membrane

No net movement of water

Water movies into the cell which causes to burst (osmotic lysis)

Water moves out of the cell which shrinks (plasmolysis)

Coloring the microbe with a dye that emphasizes certain structure

A thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide

the chromophore is a cation

the chromophore is an anion

Staining the background instead of the cell

Differential stain used to distinguish gram + and – infections

Differential stain used to identify mycobacteria infections

Thin layer of peptidoglycan with waxy mycolic acid (mycobacteria)

Thick layer of peptidoglycan and no lipopolysaccharide

Thin layer of peptidoglycan with outer lipopolysaccharide

Semipermeable phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cytoplasm

Area of cell that contains the circular chromosome

Movement of solutes through membrane proteins from high to low

Specialized membranes for photosynthesis

Movement of solutes directly across membrane from high to low

Smaller prokaryote enzyme used to make proteins

Movement of solutes through membrane proteins from low to high with energy

Dormant and resistant reproductive structure

Passive transport

Substances inside the cell but outside the nucleus

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Membrane formation and secretion

Digestive enzymes

Brings food into cells and provides support

Lipid production

Protein production

Host that sexual reproduction happens in

Kingdom for insects

Arthropods that carry disease

Phylum for insects

Harbors the parasite for a short time period

Class of fleas (Xenopsylla), lice (Pedicules), and flies with 6 legs

Class of mites (Sarcoptes) and ticks (Ixodes) with 8 legs

Male and female reproductive organs in the same animal

Contain a complete digestive system with a mouth and anus

Separate male and female individuals

Phylum of helminthes that is round and includes pinworms (Enterobius), Ascaris, hookworms (Ancylostoma), threadworms (Trichinella), and whipworms (Trichuris)

Phylum of helminthes that is flattened and includes tapeworms (Class Cestoda) and flukes (Class Trematoda)

Phylum of helminthes that is round and segmented and includes the leech (Hirudinea)

Contain an incomplete digestive system with one opening

Vegetative (feeding) stage of the protozoan lifecycle

Sexually transmitted Parabasalid with tufted flagella

Mode of protozoan sexual reproduction that involves fusion

Blood borne Euglenozoan parasite with a flagella that is transmitted by the tsetse fly

Hardy, dormant, and resistant stage of the protozoan lifecycle

Diplomonad intestinal parasite with an axoneme and two nuclei that forms cysts

Superkingdom of protozoa that includes Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Euglenozoa

Mode of protozoan asexual reproduction similar to cell division

Small ameboid Plasmodium trophozoite stage produced by schizogony in liver cells that infects red blood cells

Amoebozoan intestinal parasite that moves by pseudopodia with a cyst that contains four nuclei

Male and female sexual cells of Plasmodium that form in the human bloodstream and unite to make zygotes in mosquitos

Superkingdom of protozoa that includes Apicomplexans, Dinoflagellates, and Ciliates

A motile sporelike stage of Plasmodium that is typically the infective agent introduced into a host

Ciliate intestinal parasite with cilia for movement that contains a distinctive macronucleus

Apicomplexan intracellular parasite transmitted by mosquitos, causes malaria, and enters cells using an apical complex

Algae with a glassy cell wall that form several crystalline shapes

Photoautrophic organisms that lack the roots and stems of plants

Algae with a cell wall of cellulose plates and a groove for a flagellum that causes toxic red tide blooms

Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are typically ingestive or absorptive heterotrophs including several medically important parasites

Unicellular fungi that are identified by biochemical tests

Vegetative stage made up of a filamentous mass of cells

Haploid nucleus of a donor cells penetrates a recipient cell making a cell with more than one nucleus

Fusion of the nuclei in a cell to form a diploid zygote

Long filaments of cells that make up the fungus body

Fungi that only produce asexual spores

Fungi that produce sexual and asexual spores

Kingdom of mostly multicellular eukaryotes that are chemoheterotrophs and acquire food by absorption

Reproductive cells of fungi that are usually dispersed through the
air

Club fungi that produce mushrooms and make basidiospores for sexual reproduction in a basidium

Mold that forms conidiophores and asci to produce asexual conidia spores and sexual ascospores

Black bread mold that forms zygopsores and sporangia to produce sexual zygospores asexual sporangiospores

Unusual eukaryotes that lack mitochondria and survive as intracellular parasites

Small mushroom that forms basidia to produce sexual basidiospores

Unicellular Ascomycete yeast that is an opportunistic parasite

Saprophytic molds that make zygospores for sexual reproduction

Sac fungi including some molds and yeast that make an ascus reproductive structure containing ascospores