Microbiology 351 Exam 1 Set 2

What does analysis of 16S rRNA sequences show?
A) Plants and animals are as distant from bacteria as they are from each other.
B) Archaea are as distant from bacteri as from eukaryotes.
C) All microbes are distantly related to the eukaryotes
D) Viruses are closely related to prokaryotes.

Which best defines a living organisms that lives inside a larger organism?
A) Biofilm
B) Endosymbiont
C) Organelle
D) Extremophile
E) Virus

Fourteenth century, ______ ______ caused by Yersinia pestis.

Ninteenth century = _______ caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Name the famous person: Britich nurse who first recognized the significance of disease in warfare. 
Founded the science of medical statistics.

Name the famous person: built the first compound microscope, used it to observe mold, coined the term "cell"

Name the famous person:
- built single-lens magnifiers, complete with sample holder and focus adjustment
- First observed single-celled microbes
- called them "small animals"

Spontaneous generation

Name the famous person: showed that maggots in decaying meat were the offspring of flies

Name the famous person: Showed that a sealed flask of meat broth sterilized by boiling failed to grow microbes

Name the famous person:
- discovered the microbial basis of fermentation
- devised "swan-neck" flasks
- showed that, after boiling, the contents remain free of microbial growth, despite access to air

Germ theory of diease

Name the famous person:
- German physician
- Founder of the scientific method of microbiology
- Applied his methods to numerous lethal diseases around the world

Koch's Four Postulates as a criteria for establising a causative link between an infectious agent and a disease are:

Name the famous person: Australian scientist who discovered Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most peptic ulcers, and ingested it to prove it, then won the Nobel Prize

Name the famous person: Introduced the practice of smallpox innoculation to Europse in 1717

Name the famous person: deliberately infected patient with matter from cowpox lesions

Name the famous person: developed the first vaccine based on attenuated (weakened) strains
- Fowl cholera
- Rabies

Immunization

Name the famous person: ordered doctors to wash their hands with chlorine, an antiseptic agent, mortality rates fell

Name the famous person: developed use of phenol to treat wounds and clean surgical instruments

In 1929, discovered that Penicillium mold generated a substance that kills bacteria

In 1941, purified penicillin

The first comericial antibiotic to save human lives

In 1892, studied tobacco mosaic disease. Found that agent of transmission could pass through a porcelain filter that blocked all known microbes.

Name the famous person: "the agent of tobacco mosaic disease is not a bacterium, because it pases through a filter that retains bacteria."

Name the famous person: purified and crystallized the filterable agent, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Microbes cycle the many minerals essential for all life, including global ____, and much of the ____.

Less than ____% of all microbial species can be cultures in the laboratory.

Only the ____ ____ of Earth supports complex multicellular life.

Name the famous person:
- Russian scientist who was among the first to study microbes in natural habitats
- Discovered lithotrophs
- Developed enrichment cultures

A wetland model ecosystem containing regions of enrichment for microbes of diverse metabolism.

What microbes can be found at the top of a Winogradsky column?

What microbes can be found at the bottom of a Winogradsky column?

In what order would you expect to see these microbes in a Winogradsky column:
- Green sulfur bacteria
- Cyanobacteria
- Sulfate-reducing bacteria
- Purple sulfur bacteria

Name the famous person: observation of microbes

Name the famous person: disproved spontaneous generation

Name the famous person: developed the Four Postulates

Name the famous person: developed vaccination

Name the famous person: discovered antibiotics

_____ perform unique roles in geochemical cycling.