Waves & Sound Glossary Terms Chapter 9

  1. Interference
    -the process of generating a new wave when two or more waves meet
  2. Principle Of Superposition 
    -at any point the amplitude of two interfering waves is the sum of amplitudes of the individual waves
  3. Constructive Interference 
    -the process of forming a wave with a larger amplitude when two or more waves combine
  4. Destructive Interference 
    -the process of forming a wave with a smaller amplitude when two or more waves combine
  5. Media Boundary
    -the location where two or more media meet
  6. Free-end Reflection
    -a reflection that occurs at a media boundary where the second medium is less dense than the first medium; reflections have an amplitude with the same orientation as the original wave
  7. Fixed-end Reflection
    -a reflection that occurs at a media boundary where one end of the medium is unable to vibrate; reflections are inverted
  8. Transmission
    -the motion of a wave through a medium, or motion of a wave from one medium to another medium
  9. Transmission From Faster Medium To Slower
    -if the wave moving along the rope encounters a medium a medium that has a slower wave speed, then the wave splits into two, and one wave is reflected and the other is transmitted (the reflected wave is upright)
  10. Transmission From Slower Medium To Faster
    -if a wave moves into a faster medium, then the wave splits into two, and one wave is reflected and the other is transmitted (the reflected wave is inverted)
  11. Standing Wave
    -an interference pattern produced when incoming and reflected waves interfere with each other; the effect is a wave pattern that appears to be stationary
  12. Node
    -in a standing wave, the location where the particles of the medium are at rest
  13. Antinode
    -in a standing wave, the location where the particles or the medium are moving with greatest speed; the amplitude will be twice the amplitude of the original wave
  14. Fundamental Frequency Or First Harmonic (f0)
    -the lowest frequency that can produce a standing wave in a given medium
  15. Harmonics
    -whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency
  16. Overtone
    -a sound resulting from a string that vibrates with more than one frequency
  17. Standing Wave Between Two Free Ends
    -standing waves can be generated in a medium with two open (free) ends (common in brass instruments)
  18. Standing Wave Between A Free End And A Fixed
  19. Standing Wave Between Two Fixed Ends
    -standing waves may be generated by having a source on one end, which is an antinode and a node at the other (created by a clarinet)
  20. Beat
    -periodic change in sound intensity caused by the interference between two nearly identical sound waves
  21. Beat Frequency
    -the frequency of beats produced by the interference of two waves with slightly different frequencies; equal to the difference in the frequencies of the interfering waves
  22. How To Calculate Beats And Beat Frequency 
    fb=f2-f1
  23. Damping
    -a reduction in the amplitude of a wave as a result of energy absorption or destructive interference
  24. Resonant Frequency
    -the frequency at which a medium vibrates most easily
  25. Resonance
    -the condition in which the frequency of a wave equals the resonant frequency of the wave's medium
  26. Damping And Resonance In Vibrating Structures
    -when an external force vibrates such a system at a frequency close to the structure's resonant frequency, then resonance occurs increasing the amplitude significantly, perhaps to the point of damaging the building
  27. Doppler Effect
    -when a source of sound approaches an observer, the observed frequency of the sound increases; when the source moves away from an observer, the observed frequency of the sound decreases
  28. Calculating The Doppler Effect
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MalloryHaggith
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Waves & Sound Glossary Terms Chapter 9
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Waves & Sound Glossary Terms Chapter 9
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