A&P blood vessels 1

The smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels is found in which of the following layers?
A) tunica adventitia
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) All of the above.

There is not enough blood in the body to fill the entire vascular system at once. About how much of the body's capillaries is closed at any given time?
A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 1/3
D) 3/4

Hypertension is a chronic resting blood pressure higher than which of the following?A)140/70
B)120/80
C)130/70
D)140/90

Vasodilation may be brought about by
A) angiotensin II.
B) high blood oxygen.
C) high blood carbon dioxide.
D) histamine.

The most important mechanism of exchange between blood and tissue fluid is ________________.
A) diffusion
B) active transport
C) filtration
D) transcytosis

The venous return of blood back to the heart is encouraged by
A) constriction of veins in the legs.
B) a drop in internal pressure in the abdomen during inhalation.
C) relaxation of skeletal muscle.
D) gravity acting on the large veins above the heart.

The abdominal aorta terminates by dividing into the
A) external iliac arteries.
B) common iliac arteries.
C) femoral arteries.
D) internal iliac arteries.

Which of the following is not a branch of the abdominal aorta?
A) celiac artery
B) renal arteries
C) intercostal arteries
D) common iliac arteries

The right common carotid receives its blood from this artery directly.
A) right subclavian
B) aorta
C) right cerebral
D) brachiocephalic

The artery which is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes to the posterior side of the thigh is the
A) peroneal.
B) popliteal.
C) posterior femoral.
D) posterior tibial.

Blood vessels that connect two capillary networks are called
A) capillary plexuses.
B) portal systems.
C) anastomoses.
D) veins.
E) arterial systems.

The tissue layer of a vessel that differs most in thickness when comparing arteries and veins is the
A) tunica interna.
B) tunica externa.
C) tunica adventitia.
D) tunica media.
E) tunica intima.

These have the most control of perfusion of a capillary bed.
A) precapillary sphincters
B) elastic arteries
C) muscular arteries
D) fenestrated capillaries
E) sinusoids

These structures, present in medium-sized veins, prevent backflow of blood.
A) venous tunica
B) skeletal muscles
C) venous valves
D) precapillary sphincters
E) fenestrations

Pulse pressure equals the systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) equals the sum of the diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure. What is the MAP in an individual with a blood pressure of 150/90?
A) 130
B) 120
C) 110
D) 150

The baroreceptors
A) transmit signals continually to the brainstem.
B) increase their signaling rate when the blood pressure rises.
C) excite the vagal nerves to the heart and dilate the arteries to lower BP.
D) All of the above.

All of these factors may increase peripheral resistance except
A) blood viscosity.
B) blood type.
C) radius of vessel.
D) length of vessel.
E) polycythemia.

Reduced capillary reabsorption of fluid can lead to edema. Which of the following does not contribute to edema?
A) dietary protein deficiency
B) extreme muscular activity
C) liver disease
D) kidney diseases

The most important mechanism of exchange between blood and tissue fluid is ________________.
A) filtration
B) diffusion
C) transcytosis
D) active transport

Which of the following types of low venous return (LVR) shock occurs when released histamine causes extensive generalized vasodilation?
A) neurogenic shock
B) septic shock
C) anaphylactic shock
D) hypovolemic shock

Venous pooling in a soldier standing at attention for a prolonged time occurs mainly when this mechanism fails.
A) pressure gradient
B) gravity
C) skeletal muscle pump
D) respiratory pump
E) cardiac suction

The venous return of blood back to the heart is encouraged by
A) constriction of veins in the legs.
B) a drop in internal pressure in the abdomen during inhalation.
C) relaxation of skeletal muscle.
D) gravity acting on the large veins above the heart.

This vein receives blood returning from all areas of the posterior thoracic wall before it empties into the superior vena cava.
A) accessory hemiazygous vein
B) right internal jugular vein
C) azygos vein
D) right brachiocephalic vein
E) hemiazygos vein

The right gonadal vein empties into the inferior vena cava. Where does the left gonadal vein empty?
A) It also empties into the inferior vena cava.
B) It empties into the right gonadal vein before it joins the inferior vena cava.
C) the splenic vein
D) the inferior mesenteric vein
E) the left renal vein

Which of the following is not one of the three major branches arising from the aortic arch?A)brachiocephalic trunk
B)left common carotid artery
C)left subclavian artery
D)right common carotid artery

The internal carotid artery contributes blood directly to this circle of Willis artery.
A) basilar
B) spinal
C) posterior cerebral
D) anterior cerebral
E) vertebral

Blood flows to the liver from the superior mesenteric vein through the ____ vein.
A) gastroepiploic
B) jugular
C) hepatic portal
D) hepatic
E) celiac

Blood flowing from the dural sinus will eventually go through this vein immediately before continuing into the superior vena cava.
A) internal jugular
B) brachiocephalic
C) aorta
D) vertebral
E) subclavian

The right common carotid receives its blood from this artery directly.
A) right subclavian
B) right cerebral
C) brachiocephalic
D) aorta

The artery which is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes to the posterior side of the thigh is the
A) popliteal.
B) peroneal.
C) posterior femoral.
D) posterior tibial.