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Psychology
science of behavior and mental process
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Functionalism
- Mental processes to adapt
- survive &
- flourish
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Structuralism
- introspection
- define minds makeup
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Neuroscience
- the body and brain emotions
- memories
- sensory experiences
ie. how do pain messages travel from the hand to the brain
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Social-Cultural
- behavior, thinking vary across situations
- and cultures
- ie. how we are alike as members of human family
- how do we differ as products of environment
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Evolutionary
- natural selection of traits has
- promoted the survival of genes
ie. how does evolution influence behavior tendencies
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Behavior Genetics
- genes and environment influences
- individual differences
ie. extent are psychological traits; intelligence, personality, sexual orientation and vulnerability to depression products of genes
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Cognitive
- perceive, process,
- remember information,
- encode, store, receive information
ie. how we use info in remembering, reasoning, problem solving
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Psychodynamic
- behavior from unconscious drives
- and conflicts
·ie. how can ones personality, traits, disorders be explained by unfulfilled wishes and child hood trauma
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Behavioral
learn observable responses
ie. how do we learn to fear particular objects and situations?
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Counseling Psychology
- Life changes
- education
- cope with challenges
- crises
i.e. academic,vocational, marital issues
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Clinical Psychology
- studies, assesses, treats peoplestudies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
- usually doesn't provide medical therapy
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Psychiatrists
psychological disorders;
- physicians sometimes provide drugs treatments
- psychological therapy
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Positive Psychology
- explores “positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions.”
- human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.
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Psychology's Main Subfields
- Counseling Psychologists
- Clinical Psychologists
- Psychiatrists
- Positive Psychology
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Psychology's levels of Analysis/Related Perspectives
- Biological Influences
- Psychological Influences
- Social-Cultural Influences
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SQ3R - FIVE STEPS
- Survey
- Questions
- Read
- Retrieve2
- Review
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Psychological Principles
(help you learn & remember)
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John Locke Belief
- we are born without innate ideas
- knowledge is instead determined
- only by experience derived from sense perception
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Nature vs Nurture
- Nature refers go our biological Influence
- Nurture refers to our environmental Influence
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Testing Effect
- enhanced member that results from repeated retrival
- as in self testing
- rather than just reading information
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