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Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Weight
the gravitational force acting on an object of given mass
Atom
smallest particle of an element that has a chemical characteristics of that element
Element
the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties; composed of atoms of only one kind
Compound
the simplest type of matter composed of atoms of different kind
Neutrons
no electrical charge
Protons
one positive charge
Electrons
one negative charge
Nucleus
formed by protons and neutrons
Atomic Number
equal to number of protons in each atom, which is equal to the number of electrons
Mass Number
number of protons plus number of neutrons
Isotopes
two or more forms of same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutron number
Chemical bonds
occurs when outermost (valence) electrons of the cloud are transferred and/or shared between atoms
Ionic bond
non-shared bond complete transfer. taken by the octet rule ex. sodium chloride
Non-polar covalent bond
an equal sharing of (valence) electrons between two atoms ex. methane gas
Polar covalent bond
an UN-equal sharing of electrons between two atoms ex. water
Hydrogen bond
bond found between water molecules ex. water molecule
Energy: capacity to do work
Potential Energy
: energy stored
Kinetic Energy
: moving
Heat Energy
: release energy
Enzymactic
a reaction that requires enzymes
Enzymes
biological catalyst that increases a chemical reaction by
lowering the activation energy
without being consumed in the final product
[belongs to protein]
Human Physiological pH
7.35-7.45
Less than 7.35
Greater than 7.45
Physiological
: Normal
Pathological
: Disease
Acid
Base
Buffer
Human physiological pH
Acidosis
Alkalosis
Nucleic acids
nucleotides nuceloACID
Proteins
amino acids (20). the only difference is the "side chains".
Lipids
triglycerides
[steroids belongs to lipids]
Carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Organic Chemistry
Carbohydrates
: monosaccharides
Lipids
: triglycerides
Proteins
: amino acids (20)
Nucleic Acids
: nucleotides
Proteins
20 amino acids. The only difference is the "side chains".
Quaternary structure
hemoglobin is a quaternary structure
Tertiary structure
combined sheet and helix structures
Secondary structure
sheet and helix structures
Primary structure
the linear sequence of the amino acid is the primary structure
Structures of protein
Primary structure
: the linear sequence of the amino acid is the primary structure
Secondary structure
: sheet and helix structures
Tertiary structure
: combined sheet and helix structures
Quaternary structure
: hemoglobin is a quaternary structure
Pyrimidine base
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
Purine bases
Guanine
Adenine
Transcription
DNA-->RNA
Translation
RNA-->Protein
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
C=G
A=T
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
RNA:
C=G
A=U
Hemoglobin
is a quaternary structure
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Author
roadcrush
ID
315209
Card Set
CHAPTER 2
Description
Anatomy/Physiology I
Updated
2016-02-22T06:48:29Z
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