Bio 103 Lecture Quiz 2

The Limitations of Science

• 1. Practical advantages
• 2. Satisfying disinterested curiosity
• 3. Provides objects of great aesthetic charm for the contemplative imagination

could be used to cut DNA in a precise matter

Recombinant DNA

Biotechnology

• 1. rudimentary geometry & astronomy = suited to the practical needs of an agricultural population
• 2. Disinterested Curiosity- Babylonian priests kept records of the rising and setting of heavenly bodies (=astrology).
• 3. Primarily Practical: little disinterested curiosity

• 1.recognize the scientific spirit; wanted to know for the sake of knowing- necessary condition for science to come into the world
• 2. Land surveying formulas of Egyptians, in hands of Greeks= deductive geometry and mathematical reasoning was created

• 1. spirit of disinterested curiosity died-essentially practical people
• 2. Attitude= what is the use of it?

• 1. (romans to renaissance): produce nothing in science
• 2. Outlook on life made science unnecessary
• 3. Derived information from two sources:
•          1. Reason- Aristotle 
•          2. Revelation (scriptures)

• 1. (14th-16th centuries): 1st clear expression of the modern scientific outlook (LL., renascentia, new birth):
• 2. Leonardo Da Vinvi (1452-1519) Never published
• 3. Galileo (1564-1642) Not perfect scientific man; did not fully realize the necessity of confirming mathematical deductions by experiment (- "used experiments only to prove to those less wise than he what he already knew to be true").
• 4. Newton (1642-1727) Scientific outlook reached full consciousness

Observation and experimentation= mathematical deduction, checked by further experiment

(=independent and self-enclosed system, borrowing nothing from metaphysics or theology = dominating outlook of the scientific world.)

units of organization and function of living organisms

all organisms are composed of cell and cell products (1830s)

Discovered bacteria and protozoans using a single lensed microscope

• Introduced the words cells
• Was looking at thin sections of cork and reminded him of cells in monastery

Lenenhooke and Robert Hooke

Schum and schullanlen

Ommus cellular e cellular 

"life only comes from preexisting life in cellular form"

Bio-genesis

Life only arises from preexisting life in cellular form

spontaneous genesis

Directed panspermia

• 1. Discoverer of DNA (double helix)
• 2. Author of the book Life itself

different

same

1-100 micrometer

100 micrometer

• 1. Prokaryotic 
• 2. Eukaryotic

a cell with no true nucleus

a cell with a true nucleus

• 1. Cell (plasma) membrane
• 2. Cytoplasm
• 3. Mitochondria
• 4. Cytoskeleton 
• 5. Nucleus

The outermost part of the cell

• 1. lipids 
• 2. proteins
• 3. carbohydrates

• control what moves into and out of the cell
• "gate keeper"

• 1. Organelles
• 2. Plastids

• subcellular components for specified functions 
• many are membrane

plant cells

• 1. Chloroplasts
• 2. lsucoplasts

deals with photosynthesis

the powerhouse of the cell

plant and animal cells

ATP

high energy molecule

double membrane organelle

from preexisting bacteria

rods, size of bacteria

• A network of the cytoplasm of the cell
• "molecular traffic cop" 
• certain proteins are directed to different places

chloroplasts and mitochondria

• 1. microtubules
• 2. microfilaments
• 3. Intermediate Filaments

25 mm

8 mm

10 mm

use chemical flouresence to attach to certain types of cells, or antibody and they antibody will be specific for a certain part of the cell

cell shape and cell movement

• background of cytoplasm
• everything is enveloped here
• sometimes called cytosol

light microscope

electric microscope

chromatids

chromatids are made up of DNA and hector protein

cell activity and heredity

matters in bulk

cell sap in cell, sap molecules, starch grains

a region with the genetic material

• 1. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a true nucleus 
• 2. Skeletal muscle fiber does not consist of cells but multi-nucleated single cells of cytoplasm 
• 3. Certain fungi- coenontic- entire organism is multinuclear