All glossary

is the individual or group outside the project team that initiates the project by requesting for the service or product and beginning the project charter

means that a project’s work breakdown structure includes all aspects of work within the project--collected and quantified

is one that Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto popularized by his 1906 observation that 80 percent of the land in Italy was owned by 20 percent of the population at the time. It came to be known as the “Law of the Vital Few and Trivial Many,” a term coined by Dr. Joseph Juran when he realized that Pareto’s principle had far-reaching implications

are those criteria, including performance requirements and essential conditions, which must be met before project deliverables are accepted

involves one party attempts to meet the other’s needs at the expense of their own. It is a lose/win approach that can be seen as a good will gesture at times, however the accommodating party may be at risk of losing credibility and influence in the future. It is also known as Smoothing

pertains to correctness of a value that is measured and considered to be close to a true value

when a receiver signals their receipt of the message.

is the process of ensuring resources are available for your project and determining the overall project team that will work to complete project activities. This process assists with the overall project team selection

is a technique used when the organization or project team is unable to sources resources needed to complete a project

are those associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the activity list. Includes activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions

is a documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed

are the types and quantities of resources required for each project activity work package are identified by the output of the Estimate Activity Resources process. Once in place, requirements can be aggregated for an overall view

are diagrams illustrating activities that are identified as nodes with arrows directing work and depicting the logical progression of work package dependencies from left to right. Each node is assigned a specific code that is then used to correlate activity to the project schedule

is the total cost incurred by completed work package. It needs to correspond to what was budgeted for in the PV in measured in the EV

is a technique whereby the buyer publishes requirements in a newspaper, trade publication or the internet. Municipalities or government entities traditionally publish or post pending contracts to ensure that the general public is made aware of an opportunity to bid

provide for illustrating ideas that are sorted into groups and analyzed accordingly

method using the SCRUM process, which is a framework for developing new products.

this management style is likely found in microbial community project management. People are encouraged to work at their own pace and use individual creativity. Managers of Gen X and Y often fall into this category because of the way they define how work and projects balance within their lifestyle, a strong trait of Gen Y and X. Too little guidance or supervision, however, can deter or lengthen the project and its goals

refers to the fact that there are multiple methods available to accomplish certain tasks

is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameters, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous, similar activity as the basis for estimating the same parameter or measure for a future activity

is a project management tool (EXAMPLE- Benefit Measurement Methods, Three-Point Estimates, etc.) encompassing various methods that are used to thoroughly assess different aspects of a project like stakeholder engagement levels

is typically used to syndicate the achievement of a key milestone or the start or completion of a project. Can be formal or informal and can be both internal and external in nature.

are also known as inspection costs and are typically incurred to identify defects before a projects’ product is productionalized

are previous project documents that were archived for future reference. Documents include contracts, invoices, bills, project plans, meeting minutes, lessons learned, peer reviews and all organizational process assets pertaining to the project

includes stakeholder requirements, expectations, influence, and degree of influence. This information is gained using analytical techniques, and is added to the stakeholder register

is a statistical method used to test effectiveness of controls and determine the rate of conformance to project specifications

provides details pertaining to work package consistency and completeness that is acceptable to the stakeholders

describes individuals who have a vision and are happy to share it with their team. They encourage and allow staff and team members to collaborate on project. An authoritative manager is project-knowledge-full and their teams notice and respect that knowledge. They recognize individual contributions and encourage strengths

are systemic tools that serve to expedite the overall process by generating start and completion dates based upon data provided

is used to determine late-start and late-finish dates again using previously determined dates, except this time it's the finishing date

illustrate project activities relevant to start and end dates along with overall durations

means that the project manager and team have fully vetted all activities within the project plan

refers to the overall competency and capability of the project manager and team

permits the project team to identify prospective sellers and confer with them details pertaining to the project. This conference or “walkthrough” ensures that all potential bidders receive the same information and clarity on the seller’s expectations

are typically more than one organization that can provide similar products and services that have a vested interest in entering into a contractual arrangement with the buyer

is used with events or occurrences that have two outcomes

examines costs the project activity level

determine the start and end point of processes in addition to inputs and outputs

is an information-gathering technique that is a tool and technique of the Identify Risks process. It involves assembling in one place subject matter experts, team members, risk management team members, and anyone else who might benefit from the process and querying them on possible risk events

analyzes fixed costs and variable costs in regards to revenues anticipated, provides details in regard to project activities that determine where and when a project investment will break even

is a planning, monitorization, and recording tool that includes estimates and final totals for a project and all its activities to ensure that costs are constrained

is the sum of all the budgets established for all the work of the project, the work package, the control account, or the schedule activity. It's the total planned value for the work component or project. This figure is used in earned value analysis calculations

pertains to calculated estimate at completion that is indicated to Stakeholders

is a decision to make or develop a component of a project as compared to outright purchasing, licensing, leasing, or procuring the component can be thought of as a very simple decision to make

is a brief description that illustrates the need and benefits of the project. It is often supported by financial analysis such as a Net Present Value and Break Even Analysis

are provided by the sponsor and business, justify the need for the project and, at a more specific level, the project charter

are individuals who understand the processes and terminology of the PMBOK® Guide and has a fundamental knowledge of it; demonstrate knowledge of project management practices; and contribute to project teams as a Subject Matter Expert

is the process of identifying, controlling and documenting changes to a control unit. It is typically executed by a change control board, which evaluates a formal change request and recommends to approve or reject it. This process also provides for tracking activities

is a team of stakeholders established by the organization and given the authority via the configuration management system to review all change requests and approve them, delay them, or deny them.

is a team of stakeholders established by the organization and given the authority via the configuration management system to review all change requests and approve them, delay them, or deny them

are updated based on the results of any Integrated Change Control Process activity that takes place within the project

identify how standards, policies and documents will be modified and how changes will be approved, validated and implemented

is the document that tracks changes through the change request process providing details on the change and how it was resolved

are documentation describing how changes are tracked and addressed during the lifecycle of a project to effectively manage change and keep change from derailing a project

are part of the formal written process of making a minor or major change to project areas. Without these documents, a change cannot be implemented to any part of the project

is a project artifact that identifies the change and incorporates all relevant information, including costs, impacts of the change and potential risks. The completed form is reviewed by a change control board. The board can either accept the change or reject it

is a process by which a project manager or a project team member initiates a change to the project by completing a change request form

are part of the formal written process of making a minor or major change to project areas. Without these documents, a change cannot be implemented to any part of the project

is a project artifact that identifies the change and incorporates all relevant information, including costs, impacts of the change and potential risks. The completed form is reviewed by a change control board. The board can either accept the change or reject it.

is named after the Greek letter Chi, and is used for hypothesis testing and helps determine the distribution of a sample variance

is a hierarchy where each employee has a direct superior and staff is typically grouped by specialty, such as Marketing, Accounting, HR, et cetera

include grids such as the power/interest grid and the power/influence grid, which are used to analyze stakeholder impact

is a procurement process that takes place at the completion of each project procurement activities

consists of processes that finalize activities across all process groups and formally brings the project to closure. When completed, project activities are detailed and documented

is part of the Closing Process Group. The Close Project or Phase process provides for the administrative steps that officially bring a project to closure. Contractual sign-off, post project audits, product reviews and lessons learned all take place within this process. It finalizes activities across all the project management process groups and permits a formal closure of the project.

covers all activities required to bring closure to the project. It includes product acceptance and transfer from project to product status. Deliverables within the Closing Phase include: Post implementation review; Delivery of product to client; Review of lessons learned; Administrative closure contracts; Updates to project artifacts

includes processes that are performed to complete project activities across all Process Groups and formally close the project

is a formal set of documents that indicates completion of the project. When closure documents are completed, responsibility and ownership for the project’s product is transferred to operations groups

typically used by managers who work with junior teams use the coercive style. Some team members often view this as a dictator type style. Project managers who use this style should be careful only to use it when team members have inadequate knowledge, education, or drive to complete projects collaboratively

or Problem Solving; is based on reaching consensus, the parties in the conflict collaborate upon multiple solutions and agree on the one that satisfies the needs of both parties

involves participation from all stakeholders. With collaborative workshops, stakeholders not only provide data, but also help develop recommendations and conclusions

contributes to the documentation of stakeholder needs that will determine project objectives. This process includes reviewing the project charter and other documents that will become project artifacts

Misinterpreting requirements or project delivery against mixed expectations, usually caused by ineffective listening, noise or a defect or disruption within the communication channel.

determines the needs relevant to communications and the project stakeholders.

outlines the communication expectations and needs and describes how they will be addressed throughout the entirety of the project. It is an output of the Plan Communication Management process

deliver the right level of information, to the right groups or individuals, at the right times with the project’s lifecycle.

these are typically brief internal statements that can be dispatched periodically to provide updates to project activities or to drive individuals and groups to areas where they can obtain additional information.

allows both parties to gain and give up something. It can be seen as a lose-win/lose-win strategy. Is also known as Reconciliation

is where opposing sides partially relinquish positions for a Lose- Lose solution

incorporate risk management to ensure that resources required for the project are readily available when needed

covers the acquisition of seller responses to proposals, selecting the service provider and developing a contract for the services required of the project

is the process of managing controlled items, such as a project’s deliverables and its related documents, throughout the life cycle of the project. Configuration control is often confused with change control, but they are different processes

provides oversight to the project and ensures changes applied to the project are executed in a controlled, process-driven manner with appropriate levels of quality assurance, testing and compliance to document project requirements. It includes applied controls that incorporate the maintenance of the control organization, change control standards, version control standards and oversight of the change control process. This formal discipline delivers policies, procedures, tools and methods used to identify products and determine baselines

is usually a unique document that could also be a part of the project’s quality planning activities. Every configuration management plan should contain certain information. All in all, this plan becomes a part of and is a subsidiary to the project management plan

are tools that provide oversight to configuration management activities

is important to project deliverables as it serves to increase productivity and promote positive work relationships

is where opposing sides address concerns directly for a Win-Win solution

set aside funds for unplanned activities

is a risk response that requires the development of scenarios or alternatives to an identified risk once the risk has been realized

is typically a system that is managed outside the PMO and is administered by either a vendor management organization or a group that administers contracts for the organization, such as a legal department. This system incorporates paperwork and project artifacts relative to requirements defined by the project, it can include tracking capabilities, dispute resolution, processes and procedures and review and approval details required for authorizing changes to a contract

represent binding agreements that obligate a seller to provide products and services, which are of value to the buyer

is a component used to manage costs at an activity level. Each control account receives a unique numbering sequence that ties the activities into an organization’s accounting system

are used to determine the stability of a process or predictable levels of performance. Control charts apply limits to specifications based upon requirements. They are also known as Shewhart charts or process-behavior charts

is the process of monitoring and controlling communication activities throughout the project life cycle.

is the process of monitoring your project status to ensure that your budget is up to date that your project’s value is being delivered to meet expectations

pertains to managing relationships, managing contract productivity and applying changes or corrections as needed

incorporate risk management to ensure that resources required for the project are readily available when needed

is the process of overseeing procurement relationships monitoring the performance of contractual activities and ensuring that changes and corrections to contract work take place as needed. This process ensures that the seller and buyer performance meet the requirements according to the terms and conditions of the agreement or contract

is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend changes to the project as needed

help determine whether or not to choose alternative strategies or the execution of a failover or fall back plan. In this process, the individual or group responsible for respective risks would provide periodic updates to the project team and manager in regard to risk plan effectiveness, unplanned impacts and any corrective actions taken as a result of realized risks

monitors the status of project activities to provide progress updates and oversee changes to the schedule baseline. This process helps determine the status of current project schedule

ensures the intended deliverable is developed with the proper levels of quality, with no deviations or unplanned changes

is the process that monitors and maintains stakeholder interactions. Furthermore, it is a process in the Project Stakeholder Management knowledge area

is a documented process to help drive project activities back into alignment with the project's critical path and project management plan

Benefit Analysis- delivers details associated with quality activities and comparing the cost of quality to the components expected benefit

is a technique used by finance departments to calculate the cost of developing activities within a project

is the process of applying work package costs and those details through control accounts to deliver a budget. It delivers cost estimates by aggregating work packages detailed within the work breakdown structure. Those cost estimates can then be aggregated up to a higher level within the work breakdown structure hierarchy and, ultimately, add up to the entire project

is when the project can be completed with existing resources and no additional raw materials other than existing inventories

aligns to reductions in cost of a process to the application of various methods

is one of the most integral components of the project management process. Cost management plan is an input to all other cost management processes because it commonly consists of the plans, guidance, and descriptions on how to best approach or perform the other cost management processes. Contents include: Units of measure, Levels of precision, Levels of accuracy, Organizational procedures and their locations. And a few of particular importance to the next process that we are going to discuss are: Control thresholds, Rules of performance measurement, and Reporting formats

is an input to all other cost management processes because it commonly consists of the plans, guidance, and descriptions on how to best approach or perform the other cost management processes. Contents include: Units of measure, Levels of precision, Levels of accuracy, Organizational procedures and their locations. And a few of particular importance to the next process that we are going to discuss are: Control thresholds, Rules of performance measurement, and Reporting formats

is known as the cost of poor quality

incorporates all costs incurred over the life of the product to prevent nonconformance to the project’s requirements

becomes the authorized time-phase budget at completion. This budget at completion is used to monitor cost performance over the life of the project

measures the value of work completed compared to the cost for the work. It measures the cost efficiency for the work that has been completed within the project

is a ratio of earned value over actual cost. The equation is: CPI = EV divided by AC

is a type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs, plus a fixed amount of profit

require payments to the seller for all costs incurred to complete work plus an additional fee that represents the sellers’ profit

measures cost performance of a project. The formula for cost variance is: CV = EV - AC. The cost variance of a project is equal to the difference between the budget at completion and the actual dollars spend for the project. The cost variance illustrates the relationship of project performance to the expended budget

incorporates a total cost and an incentive if the vendor meets defined goals. With this type of contract, both parties are accountable for the project completion and funding

is the earned value of project activities aligned to budget and project milestones

incorporates spending money to accomplish a task within a shorter time span

is an iterative process that employs the outputs of the Define Scope process to identify the tasks and work packages that will be included in the Work Breakdown Structure

modifies the project schedule to accommodate limited resources. Here the project schedule network diagram uses duration estimates with dependencies and constraints as inputs

is the longest path through the project. It's made up of activities with zero float

is a method that determines a single early and late start date and early and late finish date for each activity on the project to determine both the longest path of the project schedule network diagram and the finish date of the project

is a method that determines a single early and late start date and early and late finish date for each activity on the project to determine both the longest path of the project schedule network diagram and the finish date of the project. It is also known as critical path method

refers to an individual or group of individuals directly benefiting from a project or product

illustrates the process inputs and outputs that flow through all the processes within a Knowledge Area. It also illustrates inputs and outputs from the Direct and Manage Project Work process

is a graphical illustration of the "flow" of data through a system that models the processes within the system

translates the words or message sent back into thoughts and ideas.

relates to the process by which the project team breaks down a requirement to its lowest level

is a technique that helps further define activities by identifying activities aligned within work packages

is the formal acceptance of a defect within the components of the project

pertains to all the necessary actions to be performed to generate work package deliverables

results in delivering detailed descriptions of the project’s work. It helps identify all the work that must be performed and only the work that must be performed to meet the requirements identified in the Collect Requirements process

refer to the services or products produced when the project is completed for the project sponsor

is used to gain consensus among a team of experts. Within this technique, experts participate anonymously and are asked a series of questions provided by a facilitator

A project manager who does not lead or guide at all falls under this project management leadership style. Consider a football team without a coach or an art class lacking an instructor and you has the gist of this style. Because of the democracy atmosphere, all project team members are allowed input, which can often lengthen the time of the project. An upside to this style is employee morale

is a statistical measure for identifying factors that can influence variables of a product or process being developed. It should be used within the Plan Quality process to determine the number and types of tests and their impact on the cost of quality

is a process of aggregating the estimated costs of project activities that drive to a baseline within the project where costs are attributed

is aligned to the Initiating Process Group. The project charter, which provides the basis for conceptualizing a project, is developed during this process. The charter documents the client’s perspective and the initial “ask” of the project. The “ask” relates to activities the project group will analyze and develop that will lead to the final product

is aligned to the Planning Process Group. The project management plan and subsidiary plans will begin to develop within the planning phase and evolve over time. The project plan is a living document that will be reviewed and revised as the project moves from initiation to completion

takes the Human Resource management plan along with Project Staff Assignments and Resources Calendar’s as inputs to help build, motivate, inspire and lead the project team

is part of the Executing Process Group. It provides guidance that fulfills the requirements set forth by the sponsor. This process can be conducted by the project manager alone, may be delegated by the project manager or it may be a team effort

is a variation of electronic brainstorming. It can be done manually or electronically. Each participant is given a form and asked specific brainstorm questions. Then all of the forms are randomly swapped among the participants

is used to estimate a degree of confidence when the variance of a population is not known and the sample size is not large

is a measurement of the project's progress to date or the value of the work completed to date

equates to the value of work performed in terms of the budget assigned to that work. It has to be related to the planned value baseline, and it cannot be greater than the planned value

is the most widely used method to measure a project performance. It takes into consideration project scope costs and schedule helps the project manager assess the project’s progress

compares baseline to actual scheduling costs performance

is a computerized version of brainstorming, where ideas are shared over a network and entered independently

translates thoughts and ideas into a language that the sender trusts to be understood by both the sender and receiver.

is a response to a positive risk, or opportunity, where the aim is to gain an advantage or opportunity by increasing the size or scale

are internal or external factors based on an organization’s culture that can impact, negatively or positively, project management options, such as industry or regulatory standards, organizational culture or structure and global trends or known practices.

is used to describe database activities. It typically illustrates a relational database where data is presented in tables. It is also spelt Entity-Relationship Diagrams

is the length of time estimated for an activity in conjunction with resource estimates so that a comprehensive view of what it would take and how long it will take to deliver the components of a project is available

helps determine resource requirements. Estimating resources may take place in the form of cost or time

is an earned value analysis technique that forecasts the expected total cost of a work component, the schedule activity, or the project at its completion

is the process of developing approximations for monetary resources required to complete project activities. Depending upon the project size, cost estimating may be coincidental to budgeting; this is especially true of projects that are smaller in scope

is an earned value analysis technique that determines the additional expected costs to complete the schedule activity, WBS component, or control account (or project). This is typically calculated in a bottom-up manner

encompasses processes that develop and complete the work defined in the project management plan.

initiates the development of planned activities. Processes and procedures identified within the project management knowledge areas promote an iterative approach in delivering the details determined by the project Work Breakdown Structure, W-B-S Dictionary, Project Schedule, Project Management Plan and all subsidiary plans, while incorporating quality into the development process. The Execution phase takes design information and permits the development team to execute against criteria to build or procure a solution.

ensures resources are developing work with the proper levels of quality anticipated to meet project specifications

planned and scheduled communication events that occur on a recurring basis, typically monthly and at monthly intervals such as quarterly and annually.

is a statistical concept that calculates the average outcome when future activities include scenarios that may or may not happen

is knowledge functioning as a project management tool that aids the project manager and project team by providing necessary details and skills on different subject matters

include warranty activities, recalls, replacements, and the potential for liability in regard to issues that develop through the use of defective products. In addition to replacement costs and rework, legal fees and the company’s brand reputation can be directly impacted by poor quality

are probably the biggest risks that a project manager needs to take into consideration, simply because of the level of control the project manager and team may have. Contributors to this type of risk include regulatory issues, contractor concerns, union activities, and third-party stakeholder impacts

is a type of stakeholder that is outside of the organization or group sponsoring the project

investigations pertaining to build vs. buy decisions where the facts help determine the optimal approach for a project-based solution.

is a tool used to record stakeholder classification. The three classifications are For, Against, and Neutral

refers to conducting project activities concurrently or overlapping activities in order to achieve the project’s goal

analyze the relative necessity of a project

a response that the message is received, acknowledged, decoded, understood and a response turns the receiver into a sender.

are placed at critical points in the chain of dependent tasks not on the critical chain, but that feed into the critical chain

the completion of a successor is dependent on the completion of prior activities

is where the successor can only begin upon completion of prior activities. This is the most common relationship between activities

means that one activity must be completed before the next one can start. The arrows will illustrate predecessors and dependencies as work is driven from one work package to the next

is named for its shape, which illustrates activities in a fishbone format-as if you were to look at a side view of the skeleton of a fish. It helps determine the root cause of problems.

is where the price of the deliverable does not change regardless of the activities that take place during the contract delivery time frame. This contract typically favors the buyer

involves a fixed price that is set, but cost adjustments may be made upon completion of a project phase or a specific event. This contract can benefit both the client and the contractor

set a fixed total price for a defined product or service. These contracts typically benefit the buyer because the overall risks relevant to project costs are assumed by the seller

is a type of contract that sets a specific, firm price for the goods or services rendered (like the fixed-price contract) and includes an extra incentive for exceeding agreed-upon performance criteria

refers to the degree of flexibility

also known as process maps, display the sequence of steps and illustrate possibilities that exist for a process that transforms inputs into outputs. They show activities, decision points, branching, parallel paths and the overall order of a process by detailing operational procedures. They serve to provide understanding and assist in the estimation of the cost of quality in a process

is diagram that represents a process. It illustrates steps as boxes that indicate the activity the step is intended to deliver

provides a graphical representation of processes illustrating showing relationships between process steps

bring together stakeholders that have been identified as subject matter experts. They are moderated and designed for a group consensus, as opposed to one-on-one activities, such as interviews. Focus groups are good for acquiring data relevant to cross-functional processes that can be driven with a degree of impartiality.

or Direct; emphasizes a position at the expense of other positions

serves to identify, by use of diagrams, the forces in place that are both for and against change relative to a project

equates to risks that are totally beyond the control of the project manager and team. Examples include work stoppages, natural calamities, economic imbalances or collapse

is when there is a Win-Lose solution

permits a project manager to gain insight on how the project may progress. A Project manager can develop a forecast that illustrates the EAC, but due to the project performance and estimate activity, EAC may differ from the budget at completion

helps ensure that estimates and projections are aligned to actual activities performed

include reports, meeting minutes, executive updates and client briefings.

is where the team meets and learns about the project and their roles relative to the project. At this point the team is in the formative stages and still view objectives independently

calculates the early start and finish dates by using a predetermined start date

describes the amount of time from the completion of a scheduled activity to the point when the next scheduled activity is to start

are a type of organization that typically has a hierarchy-based structure where it is clear and apparent as far as reporting and supervision is concerned

provide specific details about how the product of the project will work. Based on these requirements, activities will be identified for development to complete a work package that will meet the needs of the project

pertains to the availability of funding for the project based upon constraints

is considered to be a category assigned for products and services that have the same functional use but can have different characteristics

are activities organized to develop project requirements

are simple bar charts that illustrate groups of data. They are used to illustrate differentiating frequencies within a process that can identify trends for analysis and recommendations for process improvements

is knowledge base information such as lessons learned, project records and all related documentation and appendices

are most typically aligned to parametric and analogous estimates, involve using project parameters to develop models that protect project costs

provides guidance relative to defining, staffing, managing and ultimately releasing project resources. Because this is a subsidiary plan, it also serves the develop project management plan process. The human resource management plan includes: Roles and responsibilities that detail the function assigned or assumed; the level of authority and autonomy that the project manager and team is expected to work by; the degree of responsibility for assigned duties and tasks allocate to team members and the skills and competencies required to complete assigned activities

helps detail risks associated with resource availability and their aptitude in regard to project deliverables

drives processes to develop a plan for the required people with the necessary capabilities and expertise to apply to project deliverables. The H-R plan is developed in conjunction with the overall project plan within the Planning process group. Acquiring the project team, developing the team and managing the project team take place throughout the execution process group activities

is used to create the stakeholder register and includes details such as the title or name of the stakeholder, their position within an organization, role in the project, program, and / or portfolio, location and other geographical data, reporting relationships, contact information, and other relevant data

has to do with determining which risks may have an impact on a project and what may trigger that risk

is part of the Project Stakeholder Management knowledge area. It is the process of determining the project’s stakeholders by applying expert judgment, stakeholder analysis, and meetings

estimates the severity and magnitude of a potential gain or loss

are an approach to selecting sellers. An independent estimator, from outside the organization is commissioned to provide a benchmark that can be used to compare proposals submitted by sellers

is one of the factors measure in the Power/Influence grid that describes and categorizes a project stakeholder

groups stakeholders by their degree of involvement or influence in a project and their ability to impact changes to the project’s execution or impact.

encompass e-mail and ad-hoc discussions to ensure all parties of interest stay synchronized.

defines a new project or a new phase of an existing project and provide authorization to start the new project or phase

defines the parameters or boundaries of the project. It validates the need for the project and promotes artifacts such as the Project Statement of Work and Project Charter

continue project progression as tools and techniques are applied to these items, products, or mechanisms to produce process outputs and the final product

is the deliverables-review process that allows for verification. It is also referred to as reviews, product reviews, audits, or walkthroughs

begins when a change is necessary. It is involved in resolving risks as they surface

is integral to the project management process because it brings all aspects of the project together in a manner that engages the sponsor, the project manager, the project team and all the respective stakeholders. It has processes that span the project from beginning to end.

When multiple parties engage in the multidirectional exchange of information, such as a conference call, instant messaging or video conferencing.

result from defects being identified prior to delivery to the client or customer. In scope for internal failure costs are rejected products, remnants, rework defective units, and scrap, all of which generate additional downtime and costs for remanufacturing

are members of the project team, individuals or groups within a firm that have a vested interest in the project delivered, such as project sponsors or a senior manager.

oversee accreditation and certification of companies that comply with their process standards

is a list of realized risks. Once a risk becomes apparent and has an impact, it escalates to an issue, whereby an individual, or team, takes responsibility to address and resolve the issue

within projects are the products of escalated risks

is the repetition of a series of tasks that enables project managers to build upon previous project processes and arrive at a decision concerning the project’s progress

is a process originating from IBM to help application developers arrive at consensus in regard to project requirements. The benefit of a JAD session is that it drives the group, based upon expert judgment, facilitated by a subject matter expert

is a root cause analysis decision-making method. It is a step-by-step approach used to address an issue and analyze potential risks by applying critical thinking to organize and prioritize information that can then be evaluated

are metrics of work leading to a goal or objective.

are individuals or a group whose decisions and actions will directly impact the project.

defines a collection of information, skills, and techniques on a specific topic. The number of knowledge areas adjusts as PMI® sees fit

define a collection of information, skills, and techniques on a specific topic. The number of knowledge areas adjusts as PMI® sees fit

is a repository of information. In project management, they are used to store details and documents like lessons learned

are a repository of information. In project management, they are used to store details and documents like lessons learned

is communicating through training or mentoring.

permits a delay in successor activity

is a risk that vendors can have if they deal holistically with a few large clients

permits an acceleration of successor activity

is a document part of organizational process assets that describes all of the positive and negative lessons and knowledge gained throughout a project that could be helpful to know or apply in the future

focuses on the entire process of building project deliverables

is a decision to make or develop a component of a project as compared to outright purchasing, licensing, leasing, or procuring the component can be thought of as a very simple decision to make

creates, collects, stores and distributes project details as per the directives of the communications management plan.

is a process in the Project Human Resource Management knowledge area that involves tracking team performance and making changes to enhance team performance

is used to track team member performance, provide feedback, address issues and optimize overall project performance

is a process in the Project Stakeholder Management knowledge area that concentrates on the used to interact with stakeholders.

are for unplanned changes to the project scope and, ultimately, costs. Management reserves are typically not a part of a project's cost baseline, and should be incorporated into the total project budget

is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1954 that all human motivation is based on needs, and that these needs could be divided into five categories: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization

are an organization type that combine both functional and projectized characteristics. There are three types of matrix organizations. Weak matrix organizations lean more toward the functional organization, and the project manager role is more of a coordinator or facilitator; authority is more limited. Strong matrices lean more toward the projectized organization, and may have full-time project managers. They would also have levels of authority comparable to that of a projectized organization. The balanced matrix organization may appreciate the need for project management, but may not provide a project manager with a comprehensive degree of authority to manage or fund the initiative

is average value

is the midpoint between the lowest and highest value of a data set

refers to an internal communications tool used to share and collaborate within the project team and executive management.

are used as a tool to bring people together to discuss project progress and communicate other important details concerning the project

detail time-bound perspectives relevant to the overall productivity of the project. It is simply a graphical illustration of milestone activities

is an activity that involves individualized brainstorming that consolidates all individual findings into a map

is the most frequently occurring value

involves monitoring project activities and collecting, measuring and distributing project performance details. It also involves analyzing and assessing project metrics that promote process improvements

includes processes required to track progress and performance of a project; determine required changes to the project plan and integrate those changes into the project

is based on “hedging your bets” based on odds and probability

indicates there are certain factors in the workplace that lead to job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. This theory distinguishes between Motivators such as challenging work, recognition and responsibility that provide satisfaction to workers arising from conditions of their job

is a tool that can be used to optimize the resource acquisition process where a weighted score is applied to criteria determined by the project team. With this technique, a rating tool is used to score potential team members. The criterion for the score is determined by the project team

can take place between vendors and the project manager, between the project manager and the project management office, between the project manager and the sponsor, the project manager and stakeholders and also between the project manager and the functional managers that directly oversee resources that could be allocated to a project team. It can also take place between project managers as often is the time when one specific resource is needed by multiple projects within the same timeframe

illustrates how the project team intends to deliver each work package that is part of the project plan

are used to illustrate connection points between work packages

are formatted forms of communications that are typically used for projects that have extended durations.

interference created by technology used to communicate or a general misunderstanding of the intended message; or individuals that speak different languages.

encourages participants to have equal say in participation, ideas are collected by a facilitator in an individual manner (say ideas submitted to an ‘idea box’ or collecting post-it notes, then the group discuses and ranks or votes on each idea

provide parameters of the product that detail how it works as compared to specifics that are required to build the product

are organizations that do not use systemic project management tools and/or processes

is where collaboration becomes more apparent and the project team becomes more acclimated with each other. Project productivity increases and the team engage in higher levels of trust and acceptance

is the driving force behind goals. They encompass a series of goals, and provide direction and purpose

are an accumulation of tools, processes, and techniques that are retained by the business in order to standardize processes and practices

relates the WBS elements to the organizational unit responsible for completing the work

illustrates how a vendor or third party may be engaged and the person that their services would be managed by

are an accumulation of tools, processes, and techniques that are retained by the business in order to standardize processes and practices

provide for change request forms that formally create a change request that requires approval

are an accumulation of tools, processes, and techniques that are retained by the business in order to standardize processes and practices

is illustrated by any impact that the organization can have on project activities. Things like funding a project, or prioritizing resources to meet the time-bound deliverables of the project

is an Enterprise Environmental Factor that can impact human resource availability and influence the manner by which projects are conducted. Organizational Structures range from the extremes of Functional to Projectized with a matrix of structures between the two extremes

provides details in regard to the manner in which people, teams and functional units within an organization interact

refers to the results of the project as in the project product, service, or good

refers to the set of deliverables for a specific process. They are created by applying tools and techniques to inputs that are specific to that process

these leaders expect the highest standards from their teams and will often terminate the weak. Managers who utilize this style should expect a lot of stress within teams

are defined by activity durations that are quantified by the quantity of work divided by the labor rate per hour of work

also known as by the numbers. It refers to statistical relationships between historical data and other information that help calculate cost, budget, and duration estimates

incorporate the 80/20 rule that states 80 percent of problems come from 20 percent of the known causes. Pareto analysis also adds weights to the most frequently occurring activities

serve to ensure that payments to the seller are approved and occur only after the buyer certifies that the work provided was completed to the degree of satisfaction that warrants payment

is the process of formally reviewing all change requests and managing approved changes into the project plan for development

is the process of auditing quality requirements and the results obtained from quality control measurements that ensure standards and definitions are utilized

is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by combining and assessing the probability and impact of risks occurrence

can be formal or informal reviews that can be used to illustrate a project team’s level of effectiveness

is the total of the project’s planned values

provides work performance data and details supplied by sellers and compared to contract based requirements

compare cost performance over time, schedule or work packages, budget over and under runs and estimated funding to complete the project

is where the project team is firing on all cylinders, or working effectively. By now the team is well organized and individuals are performing within their roles to meet project expectations

is the process implemented to determine and update policies, approaches, procedures, plans, process flows, and other documentation

is the process of identifying and detailing roles and responsibilities, skills and relationships within a project

is the process of detailing and documenting project requirements and decisions. The plan process also provides details relevant to the project team's approach to procurement activities, as well as identifying contract participants which would be buyers or sellers

is the process of identifying quality requirements or standards for the project and product while providing documentation in regard to how the project will comply with quality standards

defines the manner in which risk management activities will be undertaken throughout the project. It helps provide visualization of risks throughout the project and aligns those risks to the level of tolerance and appetite that the sponsor and stakeholders have identified

is a process that existed in prior editions and was always done. It is the process of creating the plan on how you and your team should manage the scope activities of the project

is the planning process of stakeholder management in which the project stakeholder plan is created

is the budget assigned to a work package to be accomplished

incorporates activities that acquire the resources to staff and develop work within the project constraints. Project plans, human resource requirements, infrastructure details and stakeholder register are artifacts developed within the Planning phase. The Planning phase helps the project team determine if the project deliverables will be built vs. bought

involves processes required to determine the scope of a project, decompose project objectives and determine how the project will progress via the project management plan

is the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management. Includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied and innovative practices that are emerging in the profession. Includes both published and unpublished materials

provides expertise in the specialized area of assessing and identifying project risks, along with plans to mitigate threats and capitalize on opportunities. These individuals are responsible for identifying project risks and preparing mitigation plans, as well as supporting project management and the team as a contributing member

provides expertise in the specialized area of developing and maintaining the project schedule. These individuals are responsible for creating and maintaining the project schedule and supporting project management and the team as a contributing member

is used to determine the random occurrence of a project constraint such as a period of time or an event

sits atop a corporate project management hierarchy. The portfolio consists of multiple programs that may have a common theme or area of concentration

can help with categorizing stakeholders. It can be made up of sections that represent: power and interest, which groups stakeholders based on authority and degree of concern for a project; power and influence, which groups stakeholders based on their level of authority; and active involvement and influence/impact, which groups stakeholders by their active involvement and their ability to effect change

is where the power component remains unchanged and interest is replaced with influence or involvement in a project.

can help with categorizing stakeholders. It can be made up of sections that represent: power and interest, which groups stakeholders based on authority and degree of concern for a project; power and influence, which groups stakeholders based on their level of authority; and active involvement and influence/impact, which groups stakeholders by their active involvement and their ability to effect change.

is the process by which team members are chosen in advance. This is sometimes called “cherry picking” as the resources required more often than not have a specific relationship or level of expertise that the project manager deems to be necessary for project activities

is a diagramming method that places activities on nodes, which connect to dependent activities using arrows. One type of precedence diagram are activity on node diagrams

is a technique used to graphically represent scheduled activities. It places activities on nodes, which connect to dependent activities using arrows. One type of precedence diagram are activity on node diagrams

pertains to consistency that the value of repeated measurements remains the same or close to the same

are external in nature and intended to communicate positive information pertaining to the project and the firm developing it.

works to keep errors out of the processes used to develop a product

is a documented process that will provide direction and guide resources to prevent a deliverable from going off track or not conforming to project requirements

are a documented process that will provide direction and guide resources to prevent a deliverable from going off track or not conforming to project requirements

measures the likelihood that an opportunity or threat identified in the risk register will occur and is expressed as either a numerical value or a ranking which is traditionally High, Moderate, or Low

identifies and helps prioritize risks for quantitative analysis and response planning

draws out biases beliefs used to support an argument

in terms of the PMBOK® refers to inter-related actions and activities that are grouped together to accomplish a specific service or product and drive project work

is the location where templates, forms, and historical project information is retained

are illustrations of project processes. These configurations provide visualization of the process that helps the team analyze process areas for enhancements or improvements

are units used to logically collect project processes

details required steps that are used to analyze processes specifically aimed at improvement opportunities. Thresholds, boundaries, configuration, and metrics are all in scope for improvement opportunities

relates to the project management processes aligned to deliver the product of the project

in terms of the PMBOK® refer to inter-related actions and activities that are grouped together to accomplish a specific service or product and drive project work

contain conditions and other buyer specific details in regard to seller requirements

are typically organizational process assets that pertain to contractual relationships and procedures required by the organization for procurement work. They aid in forming the purchaser-supplier relationships defining the requirements or acceptable criteria for the product or service

focuses on the purchasing and availability of quality raw materials. This raw material is used in the production of finished products. It is responsible for negotiating the quality supplies at acceptable rates

is a subsidiary plan of the project management plan that is used to describe how the project team will obtain goods and services from vendors or service providers that are typically outside of the organization. It describes how the procurement process will be managed relevant to project deliverables from project initiation through to closure

are used to clarify terms and conditions within a contractor agreement

are structured reviews that that the sellers performance into consideration as they deliver project work as it pertains to the scope and quality requirements

is the developed product, service, or good that results from the launching and successful completion of a project

is analysis performed on line item requirements of a project allows you to develop specific requirements based upon findings

refers to the quality inherent to all activities and/or deliverables that create the product of the project

take place at the work package level to ensure that components of the project’s product are capable of being delivered to meet project requirements

is a more focused concept that is centered on the features and requirements of the product delivered via the project

permits the project management team to present deliverables so the sponsor and stakeholders can see how the project’s product is developing. They help identify areas where requirements may have been missed prior to the project being closed

create the project’s product. They are defined by the project life cycle

are credits that contribute to the educational requirements for project manager certification

incorporates multiple projects that are similar in nature, allowing the firm to oversee project-based activities that include common resources, budget and direction

uses expected value—or weighted average—of critical path tasks to determine project duration by establishing three estimates: most likely, pessimistic, and optimistic. The formula for PERT is optimistic + pessimistic + (4 * most likely) / 6. PERT is used when activity duration estimates are highly uncertain

oversees multiple programs that capitalize on similar resources and have projects funded from specific areas

certified individuals that are responsible for achieving an organizational objective by overseeing a program that consists of multiple projects. In addition, these people are able to define and initiate projects and assign project managers to manage cost, schedule and performance

aligns deliverable status to predetermined milestones developed in conjunction with the project baseline

is the accumulation of knowledge over time that is applied repeatedly, which results in the individual gaining different levels of experience

is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end, undertaking to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value

are previous project documents that were archived for future reference. Documents include contracts, invoices, bills, project plans, meeting minutes, lessons learned, peer reviews and all organizational process assets pertaining to the project.

incorporates plan start to finish date for each activity. This process typically occurs prior to the completion of the project management plan

are constantly updated to reflect changing deliverables and manageable time frames. It is an excellent point of reference the project team can use to ensure that deliverables and expectations are met within the time constraints of a project

describes a project in the initial approach toward the project's product. Helps illustrate what needs to be accomplished and provides a preliminary approach on how the project will proceed

is a subsidiary plan of the Project Management Plan that explains how communications will be structured, executed, monitored and controlled. Details within the communications management plan include the types of information in scope for communications; the format, language, frequency, content and details are all examples of details.

promotes effective communications to all stakeholders, project team participants, clients, vendors and the general public when necessary. There are three processes within the Communications knowledge area, where Stakeholders are identified so effective communications can take place with those that have a vested interest in the project

is comprised of the Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, and Control Costs processes. Inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs of this knowledge area function together to ensure that the project stays under budget. It entails processes that break down requirements to the activity level, where control accounts can monitor expenditures

is another tool that’s updated as the project progresses, based on analysis of the project’s cost benefit, which can help determine whether the project should continue

refer to the services or products produced when the project is completed for the project sponsor

are derived from the cost baseline; it will include all project expenditures, plus ancillary liabilities

is the first phase in the project life cycle. It starts the project. This is also when the project’s purpose, scope, and justification are defined

has processes that span the project and occur within each process group. Its processes begin within the Initiating process group

is the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management. Includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied and innovative practices that are emerging in the profession. Includes both published and unpublished materials

is the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management. Includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied and innovative practices that are emerging in the profession. Includes both published and unpublished materials.

is incorporated as part of the enterprise environmental input to several processes. It is an automated or manual system used to document the project management plan and subsidiary plans, to facilitate the feed- back process, and revise documents

is a not-for-profit professional organization developed from a group of working project managers. Today its primary goal is to advance the practice, and profession of project management throughout the world

provides organizational focus for the management of projects within a performing organization using program and/or portfolio structures to manage project relationships

is the document detailing all aspects of a project including baselines that are referenced throughout the project’s lifecycle to keep the project on track

drive work by categorizing efforts into knowledge areas. The processes within these knowledge areas encompass the tools and techniques used in project management

is a credential offered by the Project Management Institute® for project managers. Designed to improve the success rate of projects in all areas of knowledge by applying a standardized and evolving set of project management principles. This certification is gained by taking an exam and having enough hours of project management experience

impact the manner in which project activities are carried out and is more of a function of administering the project than developing components of the project

also known as the Core Team or the Executive leadership Team. Their role provides support within project activities such as funding the project, detailing the project’s size & scope, overseeing productivity & progress and managing and influencing project stakeholders

is the individual charged with managing a temporary endeavor from beginning to end who monitors project progress and ensures that project activities stay on task, under budget, and finishes on time

can be used to optimize development activities and assess quality deliverables at the activity level

factors discount rates into project deliverables over time, help the project team determine the value of a project based upon the cost of money today

are used to clarify roles and responsibilities as well as keep the project teams on track relative to project deliverables

incorporates processes required to acquire goods and services or results provided by a third party. Within procurement management the organization driving the project may be either the buyer or the seller of goods and services. Project procurement management incorporates contract management and change control activities needed for the proper administration of contracts and purchase orders authorized by the project team

ensures that the processes and steps required to deliver the project are adhered to with appropriate levels of documentation, and within the constraints of the project. They are conducted in a more formalize manner as an activity that is undertaken by a party outside of the project management team

incorporates risk activities to ensure that quality assurance and quality planning are delivering the level of quality expected. Qualitative and quantitative analysis helps identify risk and determine whether corrective or preventive measures are necessary

is another method used to help determine the level of risk and manage it. The log can be a spreadsheet based template that aligns to the project schedule and details activities within each work package

is the process of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning and controlling risks within a project

encompasses all the processes involved in conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning and controlling risks within a project

is part of the overall Project Management Plan, provides guidance, sets the tone for risk-related activities, and informs stakeholders and project team members. This plan ensures the degree, type and visibility are in line with organizational expectations

serves to identify risks, their root cause(s), potential responses, individuals or groups that will own the risk, triggers that help determine a risk event, the relative ranking of the risk itself in alignment with all other risks identified; as well as near-term risk responses, risks that need additional analysis or rework, trends based upon qualitative analysis applied and a watch list that the team can use during weekly project update meanings to ensure that kind risk events are managed appropriately

is the work required to deliver a product or service

incorporates project assumptions into the scope of a project. It contributes to the development of the project Work Breakdown Structure which, in turn, can serve as an analytical tool to help determine risk at the summary, control account, and work package levels

details all activities in-scope and makes note of activities out-of-scope for the project

details best practices, skills and processes required for project managers to properly manage scope details best practices, skills and processes required for project managers to properly manage scope

is an important communications tool that provides all project participants with a shared and common understanding of the project’s deliverables and the work that will be performed to create those deliverables. It is a key project management document that provides the project team with guidance on the work to be performed during project execution. Also helps determine those activities deemed to be out of scope and not a part of the project

is a list of project team members that are given tasks by using the project’s roles and responsibilities to help understand the caliber of worker required to carry out specific tasks

is the knowledge area including the inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs involved in identifying stakeholders, planning stakeholder management, and managing and controlling stakeholder engagement.

are identified individuals who have influence and impact in a project’s outcome. They can either be internal or external to an organization

is incorporated to help support the development of the Project Charter. It helps to answer the Who, What, When, Where and Why-type questions of the project

refers to a group of people brought together to work toward achieving a common goal to work on the project deliverables

a set of predesigned formats and layouts applied to a document for a specific purpose in a the project

is a knowledge area that takes into the consideration project constraints that pertain to time. It incorporates all the processes that are required to ensure the effective and timely completion of projects

are those organizations that operate mostly to drive project activities

are organizations that have departments that report directly to the project manager and provide support services to the various projects. They drive activities as if they are projects. In this type of organizational structure most of the resources are involved in project work and project managers exercise autonomy and authority over project decisions

is extracted single source data that is pulled-down from a common repository and contains project details.

is a summary of a project meeting that is transcribed into a document, attached to an email and pushed out to a distribution list, which is comprised of the project team and stakeholders.

is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis and action. It combines risks and their probability of occurrences and ranks them accordingly

correlates to the degree to which characteristics of a project meet requirements

determines the proper level of quality and the risk inherent to project deliverables requires assumptions that pertain to the degree of quality and the level of risk that the project stakeholders are willing to assume

is a certified individual responsible for ensuring the quality of project activities and outputs. They use the stands and principles of auditing to ensure quality

are structured, independent reviews that help the project team align activities to meet client expectations, organizational policies and standards, regulatory requirements- if applicable and processes or procedures detailed within organizational process assets

is a target toward which project managers should drive project-related activities. Conformance indicates that the product of a project meets or exceeds design specifications and is free of defects that could impact the performance of the product

is concerned with meeting the quality requirements specified for each deliverable. It is an activity that is usually performed before verification, as the quality attributes of a deliverable will obviously affect its acceptance

provide details pertaining to the findings or results of performance metrics that were specified during quality planning activities. They are the tools, or analytical measurements, used to access quality based upon analytical details or data

are the results of quality control activities and required changes within the project to address quality risks and issues found

correlates to project related costs incurred to prevent defects or those costs that may result due to defects

incorporates risk activities to ensure that quality assurance and quality planning are delivering the level of quality expected. Qualitative and quantitative analysis helps identify risk and determine whether corrective or preventive measures are necessary

will be used to help determine the risks associated with integrating quality within work packages, or at the activity level. First section client identifies Completeness and Correction Criteria, part 2 is Quality Assurance to create the deliverables, third, Quality Control to record and track activities.

helps define requirements for quality and the approach that will be taken to achieve them. It is typically applied to ensure adherence throughout the life of the project

has results that may be based upon mathematical formulas, simulation methods and statistical analysis. This analysis type goes through the usual process practice of generating inputs and applying those inputs to tools and techniques to generate project artifacts or project document updates

stands for Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed. It can be used to detail what roles are associated to key team members

stands for red, amber, and green; based on the “traffic light” colors that correlate to a particular status of a project, i.e., projects with no issues that are meeting all constraints are typically identified with a green status.

is the span of values over which your data set occurs

illustrates asymmetrically all positive outcomes. Outcomes typically cluster around a value identified to be a most likely outcome

is summarizing pertinent details contributes to delivering the proper message to the right people at the right time.

are used by project managers to provide oversight for artifacts and to manage contract and procurement documentation

formal change requests that are instituted based upon findings and adjustments to requirements that took place throughout the prior processes

describes how each requirement impacts the project

centers on the project’s requirements and how they are to be managed throughout the project lifecycle. The plan incorporates tools and activities the project team will utilize in driving the project toward completion

aids in helping the project team visualize developed versions of activities within a project

addresses the project budget and serves to ensure that negative impacts to a project have ample funding to cover the risk. Can be established for both contingency reserves and management reserves within the project

pertain to having the right people, with the right level of expertise, at the right time

is a hierarchical chart of resources that breaks down the work of the project according to the types of resources needed

are used to determine which resources, as part of the project team, are available to work on specific activities

is a technique applied after analyzing input information to ensure that project activities remain on target

are used to optimize the distribution of work among resources

provides details that pertain to roles and responsibilities. It is a simple grid that may be developed within a spreadsheet, or there may be an organizational process asset template available for the project manager to use

is a request for information, bids or tender offers

is a request for proposal

is a request for quotation

refers to the potential external events that will negatively impact a project’s progress

typically takes place when both the probability and impact is identified as low. Here the project team acknowledges the risks and determines that no action is required to be taken. It is a response to positive and negative risks

is the degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take in anticipation of a reward

are used to detail and document effectiveness of root cause analysis, risk identification based upon assumptions and the overall risk response plan

is a strategy used to deal with negative risk, where the project team works to eliminate a threat to a project where the potential impact will be negative. Involves changing a project deliverable to eliminate a threat or high-probability, high-impact risk. Examples include de-scoping an item from a project or applying a buy vs. build decision.

is a matrix that ties roles and responsibilities with the WBS elements to ensure that each element has a resource assigned

help the project team quantify and group risks that may be similar in nature

identifies the risk by area impacted- such as technology, organizational, project management, external

evaluates the degree of relevance and applicability risk information gathered has to project deliverables

is another method used to help determine the level of risk and manage it. The log can be a spreadsheet based template that aligns to the project schedule and details activities within each work package

are a method used to help determine the level of risk and manage it. The log can be a spreadsheet based template that aligns to the project schedule and details activities within each work package

describes and summarizes how risk management activities will be applied to project artifacts, the type of analyses intended to be used, the group expected to perform the work and the timeframes relevant to planned activities

is part of the overall Project Management Plan, provides guidance, sets the tone for risk-related activities, and informs stakeholders and project team members. This plan ensures the degree, type and visibility are in line with organizational expectations

involves the project team acting to reduce probability and or impact. Providing the project team has the ability to do so, they can manage activities to within acceptable levels or risk thresholds

helps ensure that accurate cost estimates are applied to each activity within work packages, and that all activities are associated to work packages

helps the project team determine and allocate costs against risks identified while reviewing activities within the work breakdown structure

is process occurs after quantitative risk analysis activities are complete when each risk response is based upon a thorough understanding of how it will address an impact the risk

provides details relevant to options available and thresholds required for consideration

permit the project team to ensure that no risk is overlooked relevant to timing improbability

measures the overall threat of the risk. It combines the probability and the impact into a single number value

refers to measurements along the level of uncertainty or the level of impact at which a stakeholder may have a specific interest

is the degree, amount or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand

takes place when the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party that will assume ownership of the response. While this does not serve to eliminate the risk, it does transfer the responsibility for its management

moves the risk to a third party that assumes ownership and responsibility for the risk

is a prioritization technique predicated on time

refer to the potential external events that will negatively impact a project’s progress

is a method that helps rive projects that have dissimilar levels of information

is another information-gathering technique that permits the project team to identify multiple causes that correlate to risk and, through analysis, arrive at the single root cause

is a framework to guide near-term activity through what will deliver a more specific estimate

is a concept referring to estimation cycles. Additional estimating activities usually do not deliver additional benefits beyond the third iteration, so it may be cost prohibitive to attempt to fine-tune estimates beyond the third approach

plot data based on time to identify trends and cycles

is a type of stakeholder analysis that groups stakeholders by their ability to impose will, requirement for immediate attention, and the degree of appropriateness for their involvement in the project

are two-dimensional plots used to show the relationship between independent and dependent variable. They are used to determine direct or indirect relationships that can then be used to analyze process performance

can help identify risks as it details the amount of time required for and sequence of activities

is developed from the schedule network analysis. The baseline is used to measure all future work activities

permits the project manager to compress the project schedule without impacting scope by addressing activities that are behind schedule to realign with the project’s critical path

is where additional resources are used to shorten the duration of a project’s critical path, or the project’s critical path is shortened by running more activities in parallel, enable resources to be applied in a manner that helps drive project activities in alignment with the project’s constraints

incorporates milestone scheduling activities, activity attributes, and project documentation covering all assumptions and constraints

is used to identify risks associated with project development, especially predecessors and successors, and how risk can impact their ability to meet a project’s critical path

measures progress achieved compared to progress planned. It is used to forecast project completion estimates. SPI = EV divided by PV. The schedule performance index provides a measurement of the project work performed along the project’s critical path taken help determine whether project will complete ahead of schedule, behind schedule or on schedule

measures the project schedule performance will. The formula for schedule variance is: SV = EV - PV. The schedule variance can help illustrate when a project is falling behind its baseline schedule

defines and details activities necessary to deliver a project to completion

incorporates project assumptions into the scope of a project. It contributes to the development of the project Work Breakdown Structure which, in turn, can serve as an analytical tool to help determine risk at the summary, control account, and work package levels

is a phenomena that occurs when additional work gets incorporated in a project

provide the necessary details any feedback from the seller’s perspective that can determine feasibility and capabilities of a seller are relevant to the project needs

models that incorporate feedback loops, which generate interaction and participation opportunities.

is used to determine risks with the highest potential to impact a project, also enables the project team to determine how variations to project objectives correlate with variations in different uncertainties

identifies and documents the relationship between work packages. All activities have connections to either predecessors or successors, with the exception of the first and last milestones

is a tool/technique of the Estimating Activity Durations process. It helps account for schedule uncertainties. A reserve or contingency reserve is typically 5 percent of a project’s budget, and is used at the project manager’s discretion to ensure project activities remain on track

is a set of graphical tools and techniques that address quality issues in manufacturing. As compared to operations research activities, these tools are considered to be basic because they require minimal formal training in statistics and can be used to solve the majority of quality-related issues

is an issue or event during a project that requires a complete halt to future project activities until the issue is fully mitigated

is a tool used to identify and categorize the parts of a process as relating to either the suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, or customers

is a technique used to address conflicts within a project. It is considered a No-solution technique because nothing is actually resolved

is the risk of shutting down a supply chain due to a lack of alternatives. This type of risk can bring a project to a stop until the source concern is mitigated

permits the project team to define what they believe is necessary of the seller in order to be considered a viable entity for contract work

refer to a particular time during the project when specific activities are conducted

are identified individuals who have influence and impact in a project’s outcome. They can either be internal or external to an organization

is a technique used in the Identify Stakeholder process that is used to gather and analyze information to determine who interests should be taken into account

is the information based on the sorting and labeling of the analyzed stakeholders that contributes details to the Stakeholder Registry

activities permitting the project manager and team the ability to control and / or manage the impacts stakeholders may introduce.

is the knowledge area including the inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs involved in identifying stakeholders, planning stakeholder management, and managing and controlling stakeholder engagement

is a document entailing the details and plans on how to effectively manage stakeholder engagement

is a communication tool that a project manager can customize. Helps provide the answers up front in regard to engaging and coordinating efforts amongst stakeholders

are identified individuals who have influence and impact in a project’s outcome. They can either be internal or external to an organization

refers to how much each measurement deviates from the mean

is where successor activities completion relies upon the start of prior activities. This is the least common relationship

is when the successor activity start relies upon the start of prior activities

is incorporated to help support the development of the Project Charter. It helps to answer the Who, What, When, Where and Why-type questions of the project

are developed by the vendors that provide explicit details that correlate to actions and interactions intended to be delivered throughout the project lifecycles

provides the ability to choose part of the population in scope for inspection whereby sample frequencies and sizes are determined during the Plan Quality process

is the next phase where project work begins sand the team addresses the project management approach, project decisions and overall work

is a problem-solving technique that can be used in many situations, from strategic planning to reviewing a business proposition

are individuals with knowledge on a specific topic or trade who provide details that can be used in expert judgment; it’s knowledge sharing

visualizes process flows in a manner that distinguishes responsibilities for sub-processes. They may be arranged either horizontally or vertically

pertains to the impact of time and costs in transitioning from one source to another

a group of people brought together to work toward achieving a common goal to work on the project deliverables

works through association, improves collaboration, and increases the quantity of ideas. The process starts with one topic and each participant brainstorms individually. Once individual brainstorming is complete, all ideas are incorporated into one single idea map

combines a strong coaching trait with patience appears. They are experts in risk management and change control skills because of their encouraging personality, even throughout downturns or failures

are used as a tool to bring people together to discuss project progress and communicate other important details concerning the project

also referred to as the Tuckman Ladder. This theory originally incorporated four stages of development that most teams experience

compare technical accomplishments throughout project execution to the schedule of technical achievement

is a type of risk that is usually aligned to quality and performance objectives

is a company that provides information and analysis relevant to technology

see risks

is also known as the PERT technique

help determine the upper and lower limits of a process

includes unit rates are set for labor and materials with no fixed total budget. The client may require a threshold or maximum amount where the vendor would be required to advise the client on project spending as it reaches budget limitations

ensures delivering a project meets its critical path commitment, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the project management process

is a calculated projection of course performance on work that has to be completed in order to meet a specific goal

are methods, charts, techniques, and tools that are used throughout a project’s lifecycle to take process inputs and turn them into process outputs

provides estimates for high-level activities such as documentation configuration and design without knowing details at the activity level. Top-down estimating is most useful at the early stages of development, when specific activity details may not be required

is appropriately named because its appearance resembles the final of a tornado. It is simply a bar chart used for comparative analysis

is used to determine the number of delays permitted from the start of the project that will not impede the project expected completion date

examines performance over time to indicate deterioration or improvement

is a statistical distribution that increases linearly from a minimum to a maximum based upon an arbitrary value of “X”, and then decreases from the maximum to a minimum. “A” is defined as the minimum, “C” is defined as the peak and “B” is defined as the maximum. The triangular distribution provides the project team with a probability density for each value of X

are used to describe the visible interactions that the system will have with users and external systems. They can describe how a user would perform their role when using the system, which would assist in product development

is the process whereby stakeholders formally accept the completed project scope and associated deliverables. Furthermore, it is the prescribed method for verifying the scope requirements of a project are fulfilled, and validating satisfaction. This process provides for formal acceptance of the Work Breakdown Structure and the project deliverables

determines what data is worth resource allocations of time and money.

was developed to continuously measure quantities for quality control

is used with earned value management compares actual project performance to planned or expected performance most frequent analysis pertains to costs and schedule

is another method of determining project cost based upon responses provided by vendors that are deemed to be qualified

is typically a component of software development and is used to control the release of software. Specific versions of software can incorporate different levels of feature functionality. Version control can work outside of the software realm, where multiple iterations of product development are required. Just like software, each iteration can be identified by a unique version number

are a technique for acquiring resources when the project activities support such a concept. They are a group of individuals with a common shared goal that can achieve project deliverables without a physical presence

is a sequential design process, often used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance.

provide a review of multiple scenarios that may be required to realign schedule activities with the project plan

is where at least one party to the conflict avoids or withdraws from the conflict and decides not to deal with it. This is also known as Avoidance

is similar to Smoothing where no solution is produced

gives the project manager and team the ability to decompose project-based features to their lowest elements that can be monitored, managed, measured, and delivered upon. Details developed within the WBS permit the project manager to determine the project's critical path and schedule, and provide a tool to develop and deliver project metrics

is a specific task that is part of a project's Work Breakdown Structure

equate to the calculations for cost variance, schedule variance, cost performance index and schedule performance index as they relate to work packages within the WBS

help the project manager determine overall project health

is known activity duration