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Vascular system consists of
- closed system
- Blood vessels
- Four heart chambers
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5 types of blood vessels
- arteries
- arterioles (resistence vessels)
- capillaries
- venules
- veins (emptys blood to <3)
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Pulmonary circuit
- Starts at the RV
- Pulmonary arter and its branches, capillaries in luncgs, pulmonary veins
- Ends at the LA
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Systemic circuit
- Starts at the LV
- Aorta arters and arterioles, systemic capillaries venules, systemic veins
- Ends at RA
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Vessel Structure
- 3 layers (tunics) of arteries and veins
- inner(endothelium)
- Middle (smooth involunary muscle)
- -controlled by autonomic nervous system
- -elastic CT
- -Thinner in veins
- Outer (supporting CT)
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Which vessel has no valves
ARTERIESSSSS
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How many cell layers does capillaries have
UN
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Systemic arteries
- begins with the aorta (largest artery [mother of all arteries])
- Recieves blood from the left ventricle and branches to all organs
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The aorta and its parts
- Ascending aorta (near the heart and inside pericardial sac)
- aortic arch (curves from the right to the left and also extends posteriorly)
- descending aorta
- -thoracic aorta (anterior to the vertebral column posterior to the heart)
- -abdominal aorta (largest and lowest part)
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Where does the aora and its parts end?
at the common iliac artereis
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Branches of the Ascending aorta
- Left and right coronary arteries
- supply the heart muscle
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Branches of the aortic arch
- Brachiocephalic artery(UNPAIRED): arm and head on the right side
- -right subclavian artery:r right upper arm
- -right common carotid artery: right side of neck head and brain
- Left common carotid artery: left side of neck and head
- Left subclavian artery:left arm
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Thoracic aorta
- supplies branches to the chest wall and esophagus, the bronchi and their tree like subdivision in the lungs.
- intercostal arteries - extend between the ribs sending branches tot he muscles and other structures of the chest wall
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Left gastric artery
- in celiac trunck
- goes to the stomach
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splenic artery
- celiac trunck
- goes to the spleen
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hepatic artery
- celiac trunk
- carries oxygenated blood to the liver
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Superior mesenteric artery carries...
carries blood to most of the small intestine and to the first half of the large intestine
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Inferior mesenteric artery supplies...
second half of the large intestine
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phrenic arteries
- paired
- supply the diaphragm
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suprarenal arteries
- paired
- supply the adrenal(suprarenal) glands
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renal arteries
- paired and larges of the lateral branches
- carry blood to the kidneys
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ovarian arteries and testicular arteries
supply the sex glands
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lumbar arteries
4 pairs extend into the musculature of the abdominal wall
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internal iliac artery
sends branches tot he pelic organs i.e. the urinary bladder the rectum and some reproductive organs
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external iliar artery
- femoral artery > popliteal artery> popliteal artery > tibial arter > dorsalis pedis
- suppy leg and foot
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internal carotid arteries
travels intot he head and branches to supply the eye and the anterior portiono f the brain
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external carotid arteries
branches to the thyroid gland and to other structures in the head and upper part of the neck
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common carotid artery supplies..
supplies the head
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Subclavian artery
- supplies blood the arm and hands
- -branches vertebral artery : supplyes posterior brain
- -axillary artery (pits)
- --brachial arterm
- ---radial artery: down the thumb side of the forearm and wrist
- ---ulnar artery: along the medial or little finger side into the hand
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Anastomoses
- Communication between two vessels
- -Circle of willis (brain)
- -Superficial palmar arch
- -Mesenteric arches
- -Arterial arches
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Systemic (superficial veins)
- Cephalic, basilic, median cubital vein (blood drawing)
- Saphenous veing (longest vein in body)
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Deep veins
- Femoral and iliac vessels
- brachial, axillary, subclavian vessels
- Jugular veins (head and neck to heart)
- Brachiocephalic vein
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Superior vena cava
Veins of the head neck upper extremities and chest drain here
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Azygos vein
drains the veins of the chest wall and empties into superior vena cava
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inferior vena cava
iliac veins, lumbar veins, testicular and ovarian veins, renal and suprarenal veins, hepatic veins
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vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Artery
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pulmonary circuit carries blood to
lungs
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Hepatic portal vein
Unpaired veins i.e. speel and parts of digestive tract empty here
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