Between the lungs, left of the midline of body, in mediastinum
Base: upper flat portion
Apex: lower part pointed twoard left (5th intercostal space)
Three tissue layers of heart
endocardium lines hearts interior
myocardium (thickest & intercalated disks)
Epicardium (thin outer layer)
Pericardium
The sac enclosing hte heart
Fibrous pericardium
Holds heart in place
Serious membrane of pericardium (layers)
Parietal layer
pericardial cavity
viseral layer (also the epicardium! same thing)
Features of Myocardium
Lighty striated
Single nucleus
Controlled involuntarily
Intercalated disks
Branching muscle fibers
Divisions of the heart
Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
pulmonary circuit
Right side pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs. (recieves deoxygenated blood from superior [blue])
Systemic circuit
Left side pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to body
Chamber
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Right atrium
Thin wall cavity. receives low ox blood reeturning from body tissure through superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
pumps blood to lungs
Left atrium
receives high oxygen blood from lungs
Left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood through aorta into systemic circulation
artery carries...
oxygenated bood away from heart
veins carry....
deoxygenated blood to the heart
Atrio ventricular valves
Entrance valves
Right atrioventricular (AV) valve aka tricuspid valve
Left atrio ventricular (AV) valve (bicuspid)
Semilunar valves
Exit valves
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Which circuit has to work hards?
The systamic circuit. The pressure is higher!
Blood supplys to the myocardium how via..
Coronaary circulation
Right coronary arter supplys the RV
Left coronary artery supplies LV
Coronary sinus
Flow of blood in coronary circulation
myocardium to coronary sinus to the right atrium
what separates the two upper chambers of the heart
the intra atrial septum
Coronary sinus
A dilated vein that returns blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium
cardiac output
product of the stroke volume and the heart rate
the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
organic murmur & functional murmurs
organic : an abnormal sound caused by any structural change in the heart or the vessels connected with the heart
Functional: Certain normal sounds heart while the heart is working can be a murmur (normal)
Chordae tendineae
Threads that stabilize valve flaps so blood will not backflow
Flow of blood
Superior vena cava > right atrium > right AV valve > Right ventricle > Pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > Left pulmonary artery (L &R) twrd lungs > smaller arters..capillaries for gas exchange in lungs > 3 pulmonary veins (2R & 2L) > Left atrium > left AV valve (mitral) > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta