Psych 282

Behaviors that can be objectively measured

Behaviors that aren't directly observable but are inferred through other overt behaviors

The behavior you are trying to modify

One occurrence of behaviour

Group of responses with similar outcomes

Collection of all behaviors a person can perform, or potentially perform

Conceptual side, done at an office/desk

Basic research done with animals in a lab

Practical research to solve problems/give treatment to people in the real world

Philosophy of the science of behavior

Basic research on relationship of environmental events and resulting behavior

Application of experimentally derived laws of learning to human behavior

Use knowledge about human behavior to reduce socially undesirable behaviors/increase acceptable ones (Exact same as behavior modification)

Stimuli-response psychology, classical conditioning

Law of Effect, cat puzzle box

A favorable behavior in a certain situation is more likely to occur in the same situation in the future

Founded Behaviorism, human activities are learned habits, developed methodological behaviorism

The study of behavior and stimuli alone, no analysis of internal mental states or events

Radical Behaviorism, S-R-S model

Behaviors to reveal thoughts and feelings, considered private events within the self. Attempts to explain all behaviors.

• 1. Antecedent Stimulus resulting in
• 2. Behavior resulting in
• 3. Consequence

1963

1965, first book with "Behavior Modification"

1968, first scientific journal for ABA

1974

Look at a dependent variable over repeated measurements, can be within-subject or between-subjects. Examine functional relations instead of hypothetical constructs. Show with visual representation of results.

General client demographic information, look for eligibility for behavior modification treatment

Define and measure baseline behavior

Actively apply training, or treatment program

Determine effects on behavior after treatment is over

Measure the target behavior of an individual

Level of the target behavior the program is designed to achieve, must be defined and quantified

A precise, objective definition of a term by specifying how the observer measured it

Number of responses in a given time frame

Length of time of a behavior

Time between antecedent stimuli and onset of behavior

Assessment of strength of behavior with a scale

Measure tangible output of behavior

Arbitrary judgement of social value

Observe + record antecedents, target behaviors, and consequences as they occur

Second-hand or remembered information

Behavior observed in natural settings

Behavior observed in a simulated location

Observations made when specific events were planned to occur to elicit a response

Observations made without altering events, client preforms daily life activities

Record every instance of client's behavior during the entire observation period

Record target behavior within successive time intervals

Record target behavior only once per interval even if occurred multiple times

Record behavior only if it persists during the entire interval

Record behavior during brief intervals separated from each other by time

• 1. Therapeutic environment
• 2. Overriding goal of personal welfare 
• 3. Treatment by competent behavior analyst
• 4. Programs teach functional skills
• 5. Behavioral assessment + ongoing evaluation
• 6. Most effective treatments

One baseline phase and one treatment phase

Two baseline and two treatment phases. Same behavior, same client, same setting.

• More than one treatment design can be carried out simultaneously. Multiple baseline across
• 1: Subjects
• 2: Behaviors
• 3: Settings

2+ treatments are applied in the treatment phase but not simultaneously.

Criterion for successful treatment progressively changes

Functioning or tending to produce effects

Manipulate consequences of behavior which can lead to another behavior

Process where consequence of a behavior strengthens the behavior

Appealing stimuli which is the consequence of a behavior

Behavior is followed by a pleasant stimuli to reinforce behavior

Behavior is followed by a removal of an unpleasant stimuli to reinforce behavior

Behavior results in the removal of existing negative stimuli

Behavior prevents the presentation of a negative stimuli

Relies on another person to deliver the reinforcing consequences

Reinforcement consequences come directly from the environment

Reinforcement occurs spontaneously as part of everyday life

Reinforcement that is planned and systematic

Reinforcement involving access to a preferred object

Reinforcement involving in engaging in preferred behavior

Preferred behavior serving as positive reinforcement to do a less-preferred behavior

Make a more desirable behavior dependent on preforming a less desirable behavior

Stimuli or even that has natural reinforcing effects like food or water

Previously neutral stimuli that became associated with an unconditioned reinforcer

Events that temporarily alter effectiveness of reinforcement/behavior

Establishes or increases the effectiveness of reinforcement

Decreases the effectiveness of reinforcement

Consequences that should consistently follow a behavior

Reinforcement given for each response

Reinforcement delivered for only some responses

Reinforcer given after set number of responses

Reinforcer given after a random number of responses

Reinforcer given when response occurs after a certain amount of time

Reinforcer given when response occurs after a variable amount of time

Reinforcer given when response occurs continuously during a certain time period

Reinforcer given when response occurs continuously during a variable period of time

Things you do/don't do while in pain

If a previously reinforced behavior stops being reinforced, the behavior will weaken.

Brief increase in behavior (frequency,duration/intensity/etc) after reinforcement is eliminated

Emotional/Aggressive behaviors can be exhibited after extinction

After a period of extinction, the behavior may reappear despite no reinforcement.

Consequence of a behavior weakening the behavior.

Object/event that weakens the behavior

Presence of an aversive stimulus decreases behavior (can be aversive activity or stimulation)

Removal of an appetitive stimulus decreases behavior (Time out = removal from reinforcing environment, response cost = taking away privileged item)

Stimulus/event that is naturally aversive

Previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned punisher

Conditioned punisher that is associated with a number of other punishers (NO!)

Punishment is most effective when it follows directly after the behavior

Punishment is most effective when it follows the behavior every time

Events that can alter the effectiveness of the punishment and affect behavior therefore

A motivating operation which increases effectiveness of punishment

A motivating operation which decreases the effectiveness of punishment

Stimuli/events/situation that precedes a behavioral response, provides context for response.

Directly observable with senses

Internal events

Occur right before/overlap with behavior

Stimuli that precede a behavior by a long time

The extent to which an antecedent stimulus can effect a specific behavior

Administer a certain consequence for a specific behavior when a specific stimulus is present, but not for other stimuli

Stimulus in which the behavior is reinforced

A stimulus similar to the discriminating stimulus produces the behavior

Stimuli most similar to the discriminative stimuli produce the stronger responses

Group of stimuli that share features and all evoke the same response

Responding to stimuli from different categories the same way