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Phenylalanine is converted to what to start the synthesis process of catecholamines?
Tyrosine
by phenylalanine transferase
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Tyrosine ---> DOPA
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
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DOPA ---> Dopamine
DOPA Decarboxylase
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Dopamine ---> Norepinepherine
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
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Norepinephrine-- > epinephrine
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
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alpha 1 receptor agonists
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
- dopamine
- isoproterenol
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alpha 1 receptor antagonists
- phenoxybenxamine
- phentolamine
- ergot alkaloids
- prazosin
- tolazoline
- labetalol
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Alpha 1 receptor locations
- Smooth muscle (vascular, iris, radial, ureter, pilomotor, uterus, trigone, gastrointestinal, and bladder sphincters)
- Brain
- Gastrointestinal smooth muscle
- Heart
- Salivary glands
- Adipose tissue
- Sweat glands
- Proximal tubule of kidney
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Alpha 1 receptor actions
Smooth muscle Contraction/Vasoconstriction
Brain Neurotransmission
GI Smooth muscle relaxation
Heart Glycogenolysis
Salivary glands increased force, glycolysis
Adipose tissue K/H2O secretion
Sweat glands glycogenesis
Proximal tubule of kidney Secretion, gluconeogenesis, sodium reabsorption
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Alpha 2 receptor agonists
- clonidine
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Phenylephrine
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Alpha 2 antagonists
- yohimbine
- piperoxan
- phentolamine
- phenoxybenzamine
- tolazoline
- Labetalol
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Alpha 2 receptor locations
Adrenergic nerve endings
presynaptic in CNS
Platelets
Adipose tissue
Pancreas (endocrine)
Vascular smooth muscle
Kidney
Brain
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Alpha 2 receptor actions
Adrenergic nerve endings--Inhibition of NE release
presynaptic in CNS-- Inhibition of NE release
Platelets-- Aggregation, granule release
Adipose tissue-- inhibition lypolysis
Pancreas (endocrine)-- inhibit insulin release
Vascular smooth muscle-- Contraction
Kidney-- inhibition renin release
Brain-- Neurotransmission
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Beta 1 receptor agonists
- isoproternol
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
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Beta 1 receptor antagonists
- acebutolol
- practolol
- propranolol
- alprenolol
- metoprolol
- esmolol
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Beta 1 receptor locations
Heart
Adipose tissue
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Beta 1 receptor action
Heart-- Increased rate, contractility, conduction velocity, coronary vasodilation
Adipose tissue-- lipolysis
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Beta 2 agonists
- isoproterenol
- epinephrine
- norepinephrine
- dopamine
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Beta 2 antagonists
- propranolol
- butoxamine
- alprenolol
- esmolol
- nadolol
- timolol
- labetalol
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Beta 2 receptor locations
Liver
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle (bronchi, uterus, vascular, GI, detrusor, spleen capsule)
Pancreas (endocrine)
Salivary glands
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Beta 2 receptor actions
Liver-- glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
Skeletal muscle-- Glycogenolysis, lactate release
Smooth muscle (bronchi, uterus, vascular, GI, detrusor, spleen capsule) Relaxation
Pancreas-- insulin secretion
Salivary glands-- amylase secretion
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Dopaminergic 1 receptor agonists
- Fenoldopam
- Dopamine
- Epinephrine
- Metoclopramide
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Dopaminergic 1 receptor antagonists
- Haloperidol
- Droperiol
- Phenothiazines
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Dopaminergic 1 receptor locations
Vascular smooth muscle
Renal and mesentary vessels
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Dopaminergic 1 receptor actions
Vascular smooth muscle-- Vasodilation
Renal and mesentary-- vasodilation
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Dopaminergic 2 receptor agonists
Dopamine
Bromocriptine
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Dopaminergic 2 receptor antagonist
Domperidone
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Dopaminergic 2 receptor location
Presynaptic-adrenergic nerve endings
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Dopaminergic 2 receptor actions
inhibits norepinephrine release from presynaptic adrenergic nerve endings
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