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presence of sound and the absence of sound, arranged notes
music
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emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it
accent
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small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the strings down
vibrato
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degrees of loudness or softness in music
dynamics
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gradually louder (often abbreviated cresc.)
crescendo
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(dimuendo) gradually softer
decrescendo
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quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another (tone color)
timbre
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regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time
beat
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basic pace of the music
tempo
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becoming slower
ritardando (rit.)
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becoming faster
accelerando
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apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed
metronome
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series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole
melody
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in notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned
staff
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combination of three or more tones sounded at once
chord
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most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi, sol
triad
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"distance" in pitch between any two tones
interval
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relative highness or lowness of a sound
pitch
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how chords are constructed and how they follow eachother
harmony
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central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard (key)
tonality
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shift from one key to another within the same piece
modulation
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resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody, progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord
cadence
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ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music
rhythm
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short, detached manner of performing a melody
staccato
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smooth, connected manner of performing a melody
legato
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means of playing a string instrument by which the strings are plucked, usually with a finger of the right hand
pizzicato
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performing artist of extraordinary technical mastery
virtuoso
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many different layers of sound heard at once
texture
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single melodic line without accompaniment
monophonic
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term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords
homophonic
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performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time
polyphonic
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organization of musical ideas in time
form
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three-part form ABA
ternary
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symbols used to show a change in pitch
accidentals
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-
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cancels sharps and flats
naturals
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series of chords that follow eachother
progression
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sound that has a definite pitch
tone
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difference between symphonic band and orchestra
strings
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What are the four properties of music?
- pitch
- dynamics
- tone color
- duration
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five main "families" of instruments and a few of the "family"
- woodwinds-flute,clarinet
- strings-violin,viola
- percussion-bass drum,snare drum
- brass-trumpet,trombone
- keyboard-piano
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distance from lowest to highest tone a voice
pitch range
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the emotional focal point
climax
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what is a bow?
curved piece of wood that uses horse hair
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