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Appendicular dermatomes are derived from the _______
Trunk
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Preaxial dermatomes are more _____ in origin than postaxial dermatomes
Cranial
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The skin is supplied by which 2 sympathetic fibers only? Which one does not supply the skin?
- The skin is supplied by:
- GSA
- GVE
- It is NOT supplied by:
- PARASYMPATHETIC GVE
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The limbs contain are joint types except____ (2)
- Gomphoses and Sutures
- they are from the Ligamentous Category
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What type of joints are the inter-phalangeal joints?
Pure Hinge Joints
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The appendicular musculature develops from ____ and thus is innerv. by the____ (1 exception)
- 1. Hypaxial
- 2. Ventral Primary Rami of Spinal Nerves (the only exception is the trapezius-XI)
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Each limb is subdivided into dorsal(____) and ventral(____) layers
- Dorsal: Extensors
- Ventral: Flexors
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Extensor layer gives rise to___ muscles.
- Extensor
- Abductor
- Supinator
- Lateral Rotator muscles
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Flexor layer gives rise to ____ muscles.
- Flexor
- Adductor
- Pronator
- Medial Rotator Muscles
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Medial Rotation ivolves a combination of
Flexor and Adductor muscles
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Lateral Rotation involves a combination of
Extensor and Abductor muscles
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What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Modified Hinge Joint
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Pronator muscles are derived from
Flexor Layer
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Supinator Muscles are derived from
Extensor Layer
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All fine movements of the digits (including ABD and EXT)are performed by
Intrinsic Muscles from the Flexor Layer ONLY!
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Shoulder, ELbow, and wrist Joints have at least one ___ muscle that crosses into the flexor field, providing __ insurance.
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The ___ ___ ___ of at least 5 spinal segments intertwine to form a limb plexus
Ventral Primary Rami
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Each plexus is further divided into Anterior (__) and Posterior (__) divisions.
- Anterior: flexor
- Posterior: Extensor
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Both flexor and extensor muscular nerves usually cross the major limb joints on their flexor surfaces to AVOID what???
to avoid being stretched during flexion
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The __ arteries cross the major limb joints on their flexor surfaces (to avoid being stretched during flexion)
Stem
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___ circulation provides adquate blood flow around joints if the __ arteries are compressed during flexion
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The efficiency of __ circulation diminishes distally
Collateral
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The __ regions recieve blood from a series of perforating arteries from the ___ stem arteries.
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Deep Veins accompany the
Arteries
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What are the Uniaxial Hinge Joints?? (6)
- Humero- Ulnar
- Humero- Radial
- MCP 1
- IP 1
- PIP (2-5)
- DIP (2-5)
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Pivot Uniaxail Joints (2)
- Proximal and Distal RU
- Humero-Radial
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MultiAxial Plane Joint
- AcromioClavicular
- Intercarpal
- CM (2-5)
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MultiAxial Saddle Joint (2)
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MultiAxial Ball and Socket
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What are the Claviculo-Scapular Muscles?? (6)
- Trapezius (Upper, Mid, Lower)
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Subclavius
- Serratus Anterior
- Pectoralis Minor
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Subclavis Muscle??
- Attaches to the bottom of the clavicle
- it is a muscular ligament
- Stabilizer of the clavicle
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What are the Actions seen in the Claviculo-Scapular?
- Elevation
- Depression
- Abduction (Protraction)
- Adduction (Retraction)
- Upward Rotation
- Downward Rotation
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Trapezius Innervation
Spinal Accesory
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Levator Scapula: Action?? Innervated by??
- Does Elevation
- Innervated: C3-4 (Dorsal Scapular)
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What are the actions of each part of the Trapz??
- Upper: Elevation
- Mid: Retraction
- Lower: Depression
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Rhomboids: Action?? Innervated??
- Action: It may participate in Elevation. it also does Adduction (retraction), Downward Rotation
- Innervated: C4-5 (Dorsal Scapular)
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Pec Minor: Action?? Innervated?? **Hint: Action: Double D Innerv: Its in the name...
- Action: Depression and Downward Rotation
- Innervated: Medial Pectoral
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What muscles do ELEVATION in the claviculo-Scapula? (2 w/ a maybe)
- Trapz (upper portion)
- levator scapulae
- Maybe Rhomboids
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Subclavius: Action?? Innervated??
- Action: Depression
- Innervated: Nerve to Subclavius
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Serratus Anterior: Action?? Innervated??
- Action: ABD (protraction)
- Innerv: Long Thoracic Nerve
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What is the only muscle in the claviculo-scapula that does Protraction??
Serratus Anterior
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What 2 muscles do Adduction in the claviculo-Scapula??
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What are the muscles that do Depression in the claviculo-scapulae??
- Trapz (lower)
- Pec Minor
- Subclavius
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What 2 muscles do Upward Rotation in the claviculo-scapulae?
- Trapz (whole)
- Serratus Anterior
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What muscles do Downward Rotation??
- Levator Scapulae
- Pec Minor
- Rhomboids
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Where is the Long thoracic nerve located on the Serratus Anterior? and Why is it there??
- it is located on the superficial surface
- because if it was located deeper into the muscle it would become compressed by the ribs
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Damage to the long thoracic nerve causes
Winging of the scapulae
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Where is the Spinal Accessory nerve located??
it is located in the Posterior traingle of the neck, it is exposed in that area where it also innervated sternocleidomastoid
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What is the function of the clavicle??
To hold shoulders back
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Another name for Sternoclavicular is
SternoManubrium
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Pectoralis Major is continous with what muscle??
Deltiod
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The teres MAJOR does the same as what muscle?? another name for the teres major is...
- It does the same as the LATS
- a.k.a Latissimus Dorsi Minor
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Another name for Serratus Anterior
Respiratory Muscle; lifts the ribs
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Another name for Deltoid
UNIVERSAL muscle
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What happens in a Radical Masectomy?
They only leave the Clavicular head of the Pec Major which allows the lady to do some ADL's (brush hair)
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What are the 3 heads of the Deltoid??
- Acromial Head
- Spinous Head and Clavicular head: these 2 heads have parallel fibers
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What makes up the Rotator Cuff muscles? WHere do they attach to?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis ( attach to lesser tubercle)
- They attach to Greater Tubercle of humerus
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The Rotator Cuffs are mostly__ stabilizers
Static
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The supraspinatus is just an ___, it only activates in 15 degrees; gives the initiation. What do pt's do if does not function correctly??
- Supraspinatus is an ABDUCTOR
- Pt's do a hip kick
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WHen you tear the jt. capsule you tear ___ and not the teres major.
SITS muscles
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