-
the three layers fo the heart are
endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
-
the electrical impulse of the heart is generated by th:
sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node
-
the electrical activity of the heart is recorded on an:
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
-
during the plase of __________ the myocardium contracts
systole
-
during the phase of ___________ the myocardium relaxes
diastole
-
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute is the:
cardiac output (CO)
-
the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before the next contraction, is called:
preload
-
the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle pumps is called:
afterload
-
the exchnage of cellular nutrients and metabolic end products takes place in vessels called:
capillaries
-
the two main factors influencing blood pressure are:
cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
-
the ________ artery is the recommended site for taking blood pressure
brachial
-
when blood pressure is measured, the pressure in the cuff is lowered, and _____ sounds are auscultated
korotkoff
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the term for the difference between the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure is:
pulse pressure
-
with increased age, the amount of ________ in the heart increases and the amount of ________ decreases
collagen; elastin
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orthostatic blood pressures are measured while the patient is:
supine, sitting, and standing
-
thethe sound generated by turbulent blood flow through major arteries is termed:
murmur
-
the first heart sound, S1, is associated with the closure of the _____ and _______ valves
tricuspid and mitral
-
the second heart sound, S2, is associated with the closure of the _____ and _____ valves
aortic and pulmonic
-
whawhat part of the stethoscope is used to auscultate the first and second heart sounds:
diaphragm
-
regarding lipoproteins, an elevation in which one increases the risk of CAD? Which one is associated with a decreased risk of CAD?
- Increased risk --> low density lipoproteins
- Decreased risk --> high-density lipoproteins
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