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GEO ch. 12
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Fluvial Geomorphology
Study of stream-related landforms and processes
Hydrology
Science of water and its properties, distribution, and circulation
Alluvium
General term for sand, silt and clay transported by running water
Watershed
local drainage unit (Ala Wai watershed)
Mississippi is an example of a river basin
drainage divide
separates individual drainage units
continental divide (Rocky Mountains)
large drainage divide
Interfluve
small high region between individual stream channels that directs overland flow within a watershed
1st order streams are the smallest unit of drainage network
Drainage pattern determined by
slope
differences in rock resistance
climatic and hydrologic variability
structural controls on the landscape
Stream stage measured by staff gauge
water depth above an arbitrary fixed point on or beside stream bed
cross section is created if the width and depth of the stream channel are known
Stream velocity depends on
location
irregularities
stream gradient
Discharge
describes the total volume of water transported by a stream system over a certain period of time
Hydrograph
graph of stream discharge
peak flow is determine by
amount, location and duration of rainfall
flood frequency
statistical return interval of a high water
Straight channels
narrow high velocity located in upper reaches of watershed
erosion active
Braided Channels
interlocking channels
steep to gently sloping
Meandering Channels
lower reaches flat terrain
u shaped and actively migrate over floodplain
Competence
stream can move particles of a certain size
Capacity
total stuff stream can transport
Dissolved load
material from chemical weathering
suspended load
consists of fine grained particles
Bed load includes traction and saltation
streams erode through hydraulic action and abrasion
cutback is active erosion
nickpoint is abrupt change in stream gradient
delta forms include arcuate (Nile) bird's foot
(Mississippi) compound (Ganges-Brahmaputra) and
estuarine (Mobile) and cuspate (Rhone)
paired alluvial terraces
produced by sudden change in base level followed by downward erosion and valley
unpaired alluvial terraces
produced by gradual change in base level that is accompanied by downward erosion and valley widening
Author
jo73
ID
313348
Card Set
GEO ch. 12
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Updated
2015-12-17T12:26:24Z
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