bio 130 ch 17

This means that traits are influenced by manu genes

Probability that one of two or more mutually exclusive outcomes will occur is the sum of the probabilities of the possible outcomes

Alleles of one gene mask the expression of the alleles of another gene.

What are the types of traits?

These traits are clearly defined phenotypic variants. Purple or white flowers, red or whit eyes.

These are what the majority of traits are. Continuous variation over a range of phenotypes. Height, skin color, number of fruits on tree.

These trair involve multiple gene contribution to the phenotypes.

These offspring have trait combinations like those of parents

These offspring have different combination of traits from parental generation

Recombinants are the result of what?

This allows us to estimate the relative distances between linked genes based on the frequency of crossover.

How many genes does the mitochondial genome have?

Have many mitochondrial genes encode for tRNAs and rRNA needed for translation?

How many of the mitochondrial genes encode for oxidative phosphorylation?

How many genomes do chloroplasts contain?

This is when the egg cell provides most of the zygotes cytoplasm.

Both pollen and egg contribute

Only pollen contributes to the cell

female mammals heterozygous for X-linked genes have half their somatic cells expressing each allele

inactivation of one X in female cells gives equal levels of expression of X-linked genes in male and female cells

Cells of humans and other mammals have ability to count X chromosomes and allow only one to be active. Extra X chromosomes are converted to